CHILD GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT EXAM | QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS | NEW 2026/2027 UPDATE | GRADED A+| 100% CORRECT
(VERIFIED SOLUTIONS)
How do children develop a sense of their gender identity and how does their understanding of
gender change over time? -
ANSWER
- 3 years of age, associate self with gender
- 5 years believe gender stays the same
Be able to talk about both the cognitive-developmental theory and social-learning theory of gender
role development. -
ANSWER
- Kohlberg's Cognitive-Developmental Theory: Child notices physical and behavioral cues, then
identifies themselves. Three Stages are Gender Identity (2-3), Gender Stability (4-5), Gender
Constancy (5-7)
- Two Ways: Watch & Imitate behavior of others (Parent) or Receive Awards or punishments for
gender behavior (Parent, Sibling, Teacher, Coach)
To what extent and in what areas are their gender differences in children's behavior and
development? -
ANSWER
- Agression: Boys more
- Activity Level: Boys more
- Friendships: Boys more big groups
- Academics: Boys = math, Girls = English
- Anxiety and Depression: Girls more
What is gender constancy and what is necessary for children to have it? -
ANSWER
The ability to understand gender won't change with superficial changes. Have to have gender
identity, gender stability, and gender consistency
, What does the research suggest about when children should be allowed to transition genders, if they
want to? What does the research say about gender understanding among children who are
transgender? -
ANSWER
-Transition younger. Better mental health.
-Transgender children believe gender is more fluid
What is the classic way that self-recognition has been assessed among young children? When do
children show signs of self-recognition? What helps children develop self-awareness? -
ANSWER
- Assessed via Mirror Self-Recognition
- Usually around 18 months to 2 years
- Sensitive care-givers and Joint attention
What is theory of mind? How is it assessed and when do children show signs of it? -
ANSWER
- Ability to differentiate the beliefs of others and yourself
- Assessed by false-belief tasks (Sally-Anne task and 3 mountains Task)
- Show signs around 3-4 years
How do children's self-concepts change over time? -
ANSWER
- Early Childhood: observable characteristics
- Middle Childhood: personality traits and competencies
- Adolescence: Wider array of traits, differentiated self
How does self-esteem change across development? What are the reasons for these changes? -
ANSWER
- Preschool: High (No social comparisons)
- Middle Childhood: Lower (Social Comparisons in 4 areas; sports, appearance, social, academics)
- Adolescence: Low, then High ( Physical Changes, school transition) and cognitive changes
ANSWERS | NEW 2026/2027 UPDATE | GRADED A+| 100% CORRECT
(VERIFIED SOLUTIONS)
How do children develop a sense of their gender identity and how does their understanding of
gender change over time? -
ANSWER
- 3 years of age, associate self with gender
- 5 years believe gender stays the same
Be able to talk about both the cognitive-developmental theory and social-learning theory of gender
role development. -
ANSWER
- Kohlberg's Cognitive-Developmental Theory: Child notices physical and behavioral cues, then
identifies themselves. Three Stages are Gender Identity (2-3), Gender Stability (4-5), Gender
Constancy (5-7)
- Two Ways: Watch & Imitate behavior of others (Parent) or Receive Awards or punishments for
gender behavior (Parent, Sibling, Teacher, Coach)
To what extent and in what areas are their gender differences in children's behavior and
development? -
ANSWER
- Agression: Boys more
- Activity Level: Boys more
- Friendships: Boys more big groups
- Academics: Boys = math, Girls = English
- Anxiety and Depression: Girls more
What is gender constancy and what is necessary for children to have it? -
ANSWER
The ability to understand gender won't change with superficial changes. Have to have gender
identity, gender stability, and gender consistency
, What does the research suggest about when children should be allowed to transition genders, if they
want to? What does the research say about gender understanding among children who are
transgender? -
ANSWER
-Transition younger. Better mental health.
-Transgender children believe gender is more fluid
What is the classic way that self-recognition has been assessed among young children? When do
children show signs of self-recognition? What helps children develop self-awareness? -
ANSWER
- Assessed via Mirror Self-Recognition
- Usually around 18 months to 2 years
- Sensitive care-givers and Joint attention
What is theory of mind? How is it assessed and when do children show signs of it? -
ANSWER
- Ability to differentiate the beliefs of others and yourself
- Assessed by false-belief tasks (Sally-Anne task and 3 mountains Task)
- Show signs around 3-4 years
How do children's self-concepts change over time? -
ANSWER
- Early Childhood: observable characteristics
- Middle Childhood: personality traits and competencies
- Adolescence: Wider array of traits, differentiated self
How does self-esteem change across development? What are the reasons for these changes? -
ANSWER
- Preschool: High (No social comparisons)
- Middle Childhood: Lower (Social Comparisons in 4 areas; sports, appearance, social, academics)
- Adolescence: Low, then High ( Physical Changes, school transition) and cognitive changes
