NR601 Midterm Exam Weeks 1–4 Content Chamberlain
University | Verified Questions And Answers | A+ Graded |
2025/2026
Course Overview & Exam Details;
1. SECTION 1: FOUNDATIONS OF GERIATRIC CARE
2. SECTION 2: CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS
3. SECTION 3: RESPIRATORY DISORDERS
4. SECTION 4: GERIATRIC SYNDROMES & FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT
Question 1.
What are the three primary physiological changes of aging?
A. Increased cardiac output, enhanced immune function, improved renal clearance
B. Reduced physiological reserve, reduced homeostatic mechanisms, impaired immunological
function
C. Increased muscle mass, decreased body fat, enhanced cognition
D. Decreased blood pressure, increased lung elasticity, improved vision
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
The three hallmark changes of aging include: (1) Reduced physiological reserve of most body
systems, especially cardiac, respiratory, and renal; (2) Reduced homeostatic mechanisms that fail
to adjust regulatory systems (e.g., temperature control, fluid/electrolyte balance); and (3)
Impaired immunological function, with infection risk greater and autoimmune diseases more
prevalent .
Question 2.
What is the primary goal of a comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA)?
,A. Treat acute illnesses
B. Assess functional, psychological, and social domains
C. Prescribe new medications
D. Perform diagnostic imaging
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
The CGA evaluates physical health, functional status, mental health, and social support to
optimize care for older adults. It is distinguished from a standard adult physical by its emphasis
on functional status and multidimensional assessment .
Question 3.
Which tool assesses basic activities of daily living (ADLs) in older adults?
A. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)
B. Katz ADL Scale
C. Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS)
D. Clock Drawing Test
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
The Katz ADL Scale measures independence in tasks like bathing, dressing, eating, toileting,
transferring, and continence. It is a standardized tool specifically designed for functional
assessment in older adults .
Question 4.
What is the recommended amount of exercise for older adults?
A. 15 minutes/day, 3 days/week
B. 30 minutes/day, 5 days/week of moderate exercise
C. 60 minutes/day, 7 days/week of vigorous exercise
D. No specific recommendation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
,Current guidelines recommend 30 minutes/day, 5 days/week of moderate exercise for older
adults. If weight loss is a goal, 60 minutes/day is recommended .
Question 5.
According to the "Rule of Fours," functional decline in older adults results from which
four factors?
A. Disease, disuse, misuse, and physiologic aging
B. Genetics, environment, lifestyle, and healthcare
C. Physical, cognitive, social, and emotional factors
D. Primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary aging
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
The Rule of Fours describes four causes of functional decline: disease (pathologic conditions),
disuse (sedentary lifestyle), misuse (iatrogenic causes), and physiologic aging (normal age-
related changes) .
Question 6.
Which theory of aging suggests that aging results from cumulative mistakes in DNA and
RNA over time?
A. Free radical theory
B. Neuroendocrine theory
C. Error theory
D. Wear and tear theory
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
The Error Theory suggests that aging results from cumulative mistakes in DNA and RNA over
time, which impair cell function. The Free Radical Theory (A) proposes that free radicals
accumulate and damage cells. The Neuroendocrine Theory (B) suggests aging results from a
programmed reduction in the functioning of the nervous, immune, and endocrine systems .
, Question 7.
A 72-year-old patient reports difficulty reading fine print and driving at night. Which
normal age-related visual change is most likely?
A. Presbyopia and decreased dark adaptation
B. Cataract formation
C. Glaucoma
D. Macular degeneration
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
Normal age-related visual changes include presbyopia (decreased near vision) and decreased
dark adaptation (difficulty seeing at night). Cataracts, glaucoma, and macular degeneration
represent pathologic conditions rather than normal aging .
Question 8.
The physiologic eye changes that occur in adults between the ages of 42 to 50 years that
indicate the need for reading glasses are due to:
A. Cataract formation
B. Reduced lens elasticity
C. Macular degeneration
D. Glaucoma
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Presbyopia is caused by reduced lens elasticity, which typically becomes symptomatic between
ages 42-50. The lens becomes less able to accommodate for near vision, necessitating reading
glasses .
Question 9.
Which normal physiological change occurs in the respiratory system with aging?
A. Increased lung elasticity
B. Increased vital capacity
University | Verified Questions And Answers | A+ Graded |
2025/2026
Course Overview & Exam Details;
1. SECTION 1: FOUNDATIONS OF GERIATRIC CARE
2. SECTION 2: CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS
3. SECTION 3: RESPIRATORY DISORDERS
4. SECTION 4: GERIATRIC SYNDROMES & FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT
Question 1.
What are the three primary physiological changes of aging?
A. Increased cardiac output, enhanced immune function, improved renal clearance
B. Reduced physiological reserve, reduced homeostatic mechanisms, impaired immunological
function
C. Increased muscle mass, decreased body fat, enhanced cognition
D. Decreased blood pressure, increased lung elasticity, improved vision
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
The three hallmark changes of aging include: (1) Reduced physiological reserve of most body
systems, especially cardiac, respiratory, and renal; (2) Reduced homeostatic mechanisms that fail
to adjust regulatory systems (e.g., temperature control, fluid/electrolyte balance); and (3)
Impaired immunological function, with infection risk greater and autoimmune diseases more
prevalent .
Question 2.
What is the primary goal of a comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA)?
,A. Treat acute illnesses
B. Assess functional, psychological, and social domains
C. Prescribe new medications
D. Perform diagnostic imaging
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
The CGA evaluates physical health, functional status, mental health, and social support to
optimize care for older adults. It is distinguished from a standard adult physical by its emphasis
on functional status and multidimensional assessment .
Question 3.
Which tool assesses basic activities of daily living (ADLs) in older adults?
A. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)
B. Katz ADL Scale
C. Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS)
D. Clock Drawing Test
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
The Katz ADL Scale measures independence in tasks like bathing, dressing, eating, toileting,
transferring, and continence. It is a standardized tool specifically designed for functional
assessment in older adults .
Question 4.
What is the recommended amount of exercise for older adults?
A. 15 minutes/day, 3 days/week
B. 30 minutes/day, 5 days/week of moderate exercise
C. 60 minutes/day, 7 days/week of vigorous exercise
D. No specific recommendation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
,Current guidelines recommend 30 minutes/day, 5 days/week of moderate exercise for older
adults. If weight loss is a goal, 60 minutes/day is recommended .
Question 5.
According to the "Rule of Fours," functional decline in older adults results from which
four factors?
A. Disease, disuse, misuse, and physiologic aging
B. Genetics, environment, lifestyle, and healthcare
C. Physical, cognitive, social, and emotional factors
D. Primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary aging
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
The Rule of Fours describes four causes of functional decline: disease (pathologic conditions),
disuse (sedentary lifestyle), misuse (iatrogenic causes), and physiologic aging (normal age-
related changes) .
Question 6.
Which theory of aging suggests that aging results from cumulative mistakes in DNA and
RNA over time?
A. Free radical theory
B. Neuroendocrine theory
C. Error theory
D. Wear and tear theory
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
The Error Theory suggests that aging results from cumulative mistakes in DNA and RNA over
time, which impair cell function. The Free Radical Theory (A) proposes that free radicals
accumulate and damage cells. The Neuroendocrine Theory (B) suggests aging results from a
programmed reduction in the functioning of the nervous, immune, and endocrine systems .
, Question 7.
A 72-year-old patient reports difficulty reading fine print and driving at night. Which
normal age-related visual change is most likely?
A. Presbyopia and decreased dark adaptation
B. Cataract formation
C. Glaucoma
D. Macular degeneration
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
Normal age-related visual changes include presbyopia (decreased near vision) and decreased
dark adaptation (difficulty seeing at night). Cataracts, glaucoma, and macular degeneration
represent pathologic conditions rather than normal aging .
Question 8.
The physiologic eye changes that occur in adults between the ages of 42 to 50 years that
indicate the need for reading glasses are due to:
A. Cataract formation
B. Reduced lens elasticity
C. Macular degeneration
D. Glaucoma
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Presbyopia is caused by reduced lens elasticity, which typically becomes symptomatic between
ages 42-50. The lens becomes less able to accommodate for near vision, necessitating reading
glasses .
Question 9.
Which normal physiological change occurs in the respiratory system with aging?
A. Increased lung elasticity
B. Increased vital capacity
