Bio 1010 Exam 1 (Chapters 1-4) Study
Guide Questions All Solved 2026-2027
Updated.
Process of Science - Answer Observe/Gather data > Formulate a testable/falsifiable hypothesis
> Conduct the test/experiment > Analyze results, gauge significance > If hypothesis falsified,
modify your predictions > conclusions
Potential reasons for difference in experimental results - Answer differences in sample
populations, variables controlled for, bias, differences in experimental technique, differences in
statistical analyses
Independent Variable - Answer Variable that is changed and manipulated
Dependent Variable - Answer The variable that is measured in the experiment
Control Group - Answer Group that is not getting manipulated, usually receives placebo
Experimental Group - Answer Group that is receiving the thing they are testing
Correlation - Answer consistent relationship between two variables
Causation - Answer Consistent relationship between two variables, specifically when the first
variable (the cause) is understood/shown to be responsible for the second variable (the effect)
Hypothesis - Answer a testable and falsifiable explanation for a scientific observation or
question
Testable - Answer Can the explanation be supported or rejected with evidence
Falsifiable - Answer Can the explanation be ruled by evidence
Theory - Answer A scientific explanation that is extensively tested, fully supported by all
available data. Widely accepted in the scientific community (not kept in doubt). Used to make
broad-based predictions. Rarely altered, but can be with unexpected new evidence.
6 functional traits shared by all living organisms - Answer 1. Growth and development
, 2. Reproduction
3. Homeostasis- maintain stable internal environment
4. Sense & respond to stimuli
5. Obtain & use energy
6. Evolutionary history- explains unity & diversity of life
Carbon - Answer Abundant element, can form up to 4 covalent bonds, covalent bonds are a
hallmark of molecules
Atomic Mass - Answer #protons + #neutrons
Atomic number - Answer #protons
Carbohydrates - Answer for structure and energy storage & modify protein & lipid molecules
Nucleic Acids - Answer store information and pass it on to next generation. Some chemical
catalysts, as well.
Proteins - Answer Carry out huge variety of functions (great structural ability): catalysts,
motors, sensors, signals, transporters
Lipids - Answer Fat (triglycerides) stores energy, insulates, cushions; sterols for hormone
synthesis and membranes; phospholipids for membranes
Cohesion - Answer Hydrogen bonds between waters
Adhesion - Answer Hydrogen bonds between water and others
Water - Answer Polar covalent molecule. Interacts with other polar substances. Dissolves
solutes into solution. Great solvent and has high heat capacity & less dense when frozen.
Hydrogen Bonds - Answer Weak due to partial charge attractions between atoms that are not
covalently bound
Acids - Answer Increase the concentration of free hydrogen ions (H+), lower pH=acidic. Lots of
H+
Guide Questions All Solved 2026-2027
Updated.
Process of Science - Answer Observe/Gather data > Formulate a testable/falsifiable hypothesis
> Conduct the test/experiment > Analyze results, gauge significance > If hypothesis falsified,
modify your predictions > conclusions
Potential reasons for difference in experimental results - Answer differences in sample
populations, variables controlled for, bias, differences in experimental technique, differences in
statistical analyses
Independent Variable - Answer Variable that is changed and manipulated
Dependent Variable - Answer The variable that is measured in the experiment
Control Group - Answer Group that is not getting manipulated, usually receives placebo
Experimental Group - Answer Group that is receiving the thing they are testing
Correlation - Answer consistent relationship between two variables
Causation - Answer Consistent relationship between two variables, specifically when the first
variable (the cause) is understood/shown to be responsible for the second variable (the effect)
Hypothesis - Answer a testable and falsifiable explanation for a scientific observation or
question
Testable - Answer Can the explanation be supported or rejected with evidence
Falsifiable - Answer Can the explanation be ruled by evidence
Theory - Answer A scientific explanation that is extensively tested, fully supported by all
available data. Widely accepted in the scientific community (not kept in doubt). Used to make
broad-based predictions. Rarely altered, but can be with unexpected new evidence.
6 functional traits shared by all living organisms - Answer 1. Growth and development
, 2. Reproduction
3. Homeostasis- maintain stable internal environment
4. Sense & respond to stimuli
5. Obtain & use energy
6. Evolutionary history- explains unity & diversity of life
Carbon - Answer Abundant element, can form up to 4 covalent bonds, covalent bonds are a
hallmark of molecules
Atomic Mass - Answer #protons + #neutrons
Atomic number - Answer #protons
Carbohydrates - Answer for structure and energy storage & modify protein & lipid molecules
Nucleic Acids - Answer store information and pass it on to next generation. Some chemical
catalysts, as well.
Proteins - Answer Carry out huge variety of functions (great structural ability): catalysts,
motors, sensors, signals, transporters
Lipids - Answer Fat (triglycerides) stores energy, insulates, cushions; sterols for hormone
synthesis and membranes; phospholipids for membranes
Cohesion - Answer Hydrogen bonds between waters
Adhesion - Answer Hydrogen bonds between water and others
Water - Answer Polar covalent molecule. Interacts with other polar substances. Dissolves
solutes into solution. Great solvent and has high heat capacity & less dense when frozen.
Hydrogen Bonds - Answer Weak due to partial charge attractions between atoms that are not
covalently bound
Acids - Answer Increase the concentration of free hydrogen ions (H+), lower pH=acidic. Lots of
H+
