NURS 317 UNIT 1 2026/2027 – STUDY GUIDE, EXAM QUESTIONS &
PRACTICE REVIEW
An adult client has been diagnosed with polycystic kidney disease. Which of the client's
following statements demonstrates an accurate understanding of this diagnosis?
A. I suppose I really should have paid more attention to my blood pressure.
B. I've always been prone to getting UTIs, and now I know why.
C. I suppose I should be tested to see if my children might inherit this,
D. I had a feeling that I was taking too many medications, and now I know the damage they can
do. - Correct answer ✔✔ C. I suppose I should be tested to see if my children might inherit this,
(25)
While taking a client history, which of the following assessments lead the nurse to suspect the
client may have polycystic kidney disease? Select all that apply.
A. Massive proteinuria on dipstick urine specimen
B. Renal colic with flank pain
C, Bright red blood in urine sample
D. Elevated blood pressure of 180/90
E. Shortness of breath with loud rhonchi and wheezes heard on auscultation. - Correct answer
✔✔ B. Renal colic with flank pain
C, Bright red blood in urine sample
D. Elevated blood pressure of 180/90 (25)
Which of the following statements about the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor
medications and autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) is accurate?
A. The use of ACE inhibitors will increase vasopressin levels.
B. ACE inhibitors may interrupt the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system to reduce renal
vasoconstriction
,C. The ACE inhibitors have been shown to shrink the size of the cysts inside the kidneys.
D. ACE inhibitors should be used strictly in those clients who also have an underlying cardiac
history. - Correct answer ✔✔ B. ACE inhibitors may interrupt the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone
system to reduce renal vasoconstriction (25)
An infant has been diagnosed with autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD).
Which of the following treatment goals would be considered the priority in the care of this
child?
A. Rehydration therapy
B. Total parental nutrition
C. Prophylactic antibiotics
D. Respiratory support. - Correct answer ✔✔ D. Respiratory support. (25)
Glomerulonephritis is usually caused by:
A. Vesicoureteral reflux
B. Catheter-induced infection
C. Antigen-antibody complexes
D. Glomerular membrane viruses - Correct answer ✔✔ C. Antigen-antibody complexes (25)
A client has been given the diagnosis of diffuse glomerulonephritis. They ask the nurse what
diffuse means. The nurse responds:
A. Only some of the glomeruli are affected
B. Only one segment of each glomerulus is involved.
C. That the mesangial cells are being affected
D. All glomeruli and all parts of the glomeruli are involved. - Correct answer ✔✔ D. All glomeruli
and all parts of the glomeruli are involved. (25)
,A child is recovering from a bout of group A _-hemolytic Streptococcus infection. They return to
the clinic a week later complaining of decrease in urine output with puffiness and edema noted
in the face and hands. The health care provider suspects the child has developed:
A. Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease.
B. Adult-onset medullary cystic disease
C. Acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis
D. Acute nephritic syndrome. - Correct answer ✔✔ C. Acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis
(25)
Following an episode of strep throat, the school nurse notices the fourth grade child has not
recovered from this illness a week later. Upon further investigation, the nurse notices that the
child has developed water retention. Which of the following assessments support this
conclusion? Select all that apply.
A. Periorbital edema
B. BP 100/70
C. Swelling of the hands and feet
D. Vomiting after intake of any solid food
E. Dizziness and right ear pain - Correct answer ✔✔ A. Periorbital edema
C. Swelling of the hands and feet (25)
Which of the following assessment findings would lead the nurse to suspect the client has
nephrotic syndrome?
A. Hematuria and anemia
B. Proteinuria and generalized edema
C. Renal colic and increased serum sodium
D. Increased creatinine with normal blood urea nitrogen. - Correct answer ✔✔ B. Proteinuria
and generalized edema (25)
, Following the diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome, the nurse knows the clinical manifestations
occur as a result of a decreased plasma colloidal osmotic pressure. Therefore, the nurse should
assess the client for: Select all that apply.
A. Moist crackles in both lung fields
B. Areas of diminished breath sounds due to pleural effusions
C. Liver enlargement
D. Kidneys palpable to deep palpation
E. Increased circumference in the abdomen related to fluid excess. - Correct answer ✔✔ A.
Moist crackles in both lung fields
B. Areas of diminished breath sounds due to pleural effusions
E. Increased circumference in the abdomen related to fluid excess. (25)
A client has been recently undergoing diagnostic testing for possible Berger disease. The nurse
caring for this client would anticipate the primary clinical manifestations including which of the
following? Select all that apply.
A. Gross hematuria
B. Recent upper resp infection
C. Elevated ketone levels in the urine
D. Fever, chills, and general body aches. - Correct answer ✔✔ A. Gross hematuria
B. Recent upper resp infection
D. Fever, chills, and general body aches. (25)
A 43 y/o female has recently been diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
glomerulonephritis. She has presented to the out clinic department to have a renal biopsy.
Knowing the usual treatment options, the nurse should anticipate educating the client (who has
a positive biopsy result) on which of the following medications being prescribed? Select all that
apply.
A. Lasix, a diuretic
B. Prednisone, a corticosteroid
PRACTICE REVIEW
An adult client has been diagnosed with polycystic kidney disease. Which of the client's
following statements demonstrates an accurate understanding of this diagnosis?
A. I suppose I really should have paid more attention to my blood pressure.
B. I've always been prone to getting UTIs, and now I know why.
C. I suppose I should be tested to see if my children might inherit this,
D. I had a feeling that I was taking too many medications, and now I know the damage they can
do. - Correct answer ✔✔ C. I suppose I should be tested to see if my children might inherit this,
(25)
While taking a client history, which of the following assessments lead the nurse to suspect the
client may have polycystic kidney disease? Select all that apply.
A. Massive proteinuria on dipstick urine specimen
B. Renal colic with flank pain
C, Bright red blood in urine sample
D. Elevated blood pressure of 180/90
E. Shortness of breath with loud rhonchi and wheezes heard on auscultation. - Correct answer
✔✔ B. Renal colic with flank pain
C, Bright red blood in urine sample
D. Elevated blood pressure of 180/90 (25)
Which of the following statements about the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor
medications and autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) is accurate?
A. The use of ACE inhibitors will increase vasopressin levels.
B. ACE inhibitors may interrupt the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system to reduce renal
vasoconstriction
,C. The ACE inhibitors have been shown to shrink the size of the cysts inside the kidneys.
D. ACE inhibitors should be used strictly in those clients who also have an underlying cardiac
history. - Correct answer ✔✔ B. ACE inhibitors may interrupt the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone
system to reduce renal vasoconstriction (25)
An infant has been diagnosed with autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD).
Which of the following treatment goals would be considered the priority in the care of this
child?
A. Rehydration therapy
B. Total parental nutrition
C. Prophylactic antibiotics
D. Respiratory support. - Correct answer ✔✔ D. Respiratory support. (25)
Glomerulonephritis is usually caused by:
A. Vesicoureteral reflux
B. Catheter-induced infection
C. Antigen-antibody complexes
D. Glomerular membrane viruses - Correct answer ✔✔ C. Antigen-antibody complexes (25)
A client has been given the diagnosis of diffuse glomerulonephritis. They ask the nurse what
diffuse means. The nurse responds:
A. Only some of the glomeruli are affected
B. Only one segment of each glomerulus is involved.
C. That the mesangial cells are being affected
D. All glomeruli and all parts of the glomeruli are involved. - Correct answer ✔✔ D. All glomeruli
and all parts of the glomeruli are involved. (25)
,A child is recovering from a bout of group A _-hemolytic Streptococcus infection. They return to
the clinic a week later complaining of decrease in urine output with puffiness and edema noted
in the face and hands. The health care provider suspects the child has developed:
A. Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease.
B. Adult-onset medullary cystic disease
C. Acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis
D. Acute nephritic syndrome. - Correct answer ✔✔ C. Acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis
(25)
Following an episode of strep throat, the school nurse notices the fourth grade child has not
recovered from this illness a week later. Upon further investigation, the nurse notices that the
child has developed water retention. Which of the following assessments support this
conclusion? Select all that apply.
A. Periorbital edema
B. BP 100/70
C. Swelling of the hands and feet
D. Vomiting after intake of any solid food
E. Dizziness and right ear pain - Correct answer ✔✔ A. Periorbital edema
C. Swelling of the hands and feet (25)
Which of the following assessment findings would lead the nurse to suspect the client has
nephrotic syndrome?
A. Hematuria and anemia
B. Proteinuria and generalized edema
C. Renal colic and increased serum sodium
D. Increased creatinine with normal blood urea nitrogen. - Correct answer ✔✔ B. Proteinuria
and generalized edema (25)
, Following the diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome, the nurse knows the clinical manifestations
occur as a result of a decreased plasma colloidal osmotic pressure. Therefore, the nurse should
assess the client for: Select all that apply.
A. Moist crackles in both lung fields
B. Areas of diminished breath sounds due to pleural effusions
C. Liver enlargement
D. Kidneys palpable to deep palpation
E. Increased circumference in the abdomen related to fluid excess. - Correct answer ✔✔ A.
Moist crackles in both lung fields
B. Areas of diminished breath sounds due to pleural effusions
E. Increased circumference in the abdomen related to fluid excess. (25)
A client has been recently undergoing diagnostic testing for possible Berger disease. The nurse
caring for this client would anticipate the primary clinical manifestations including which of the
following? Select all that apply.
A. Gross hematuria
B. Recent upper resp infection
C. Elevated ketone levels in the urine
D. Fever, chills, and general body aches. - Correct answer ✔✔ A. Gross hematuria
B. Recent upper resp infection
D. Fever, chills, and general body aches. (25)
A 43 y/o female has recently been diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
glomerulonephritis. She has presented to the out clinic department to have a renal biopsy.
Knowing the usual treatment options, the nurse should anticipate educating the client (who has
a positive biopsy result) on which of the following medications being prescribed? Select all that
apply.
A. Lasix, a diuretic
B. Prednisone, a corticosteroid
