NSG120 EXAM 3 V2 COMPREHENSIVE
NURSING REVIEW QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS (LATEST 2026 /
2027), (A+ GUARANTEE).
1. A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) presents with a pH of 7.30, a
PaCO2 of 52 mmHg, and a HCO3 of 28 mEq/L. How should the nurse interpret these arterial
blood gas (ABG) results?
A. Metabolic alkalosis, partially compensated
B. Respiratory acidosis, uncompensated
C. Metabolic acidosis, fully compensated
D. Respiratory acidosis, partially compensated
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: The pH is low (acidosis), the PaCO2 is high (respiratory cause),
and the HCO3 is elevated, indicating the kidneys are attempting to compensate, making it
partially compensated respiratory acidosis.
2. A client is admitted with severe vomiting for three days. The nurse anticipates which acid-
base imbalance?
A. Respiratory alkalosis
,B. Metabolic acidosis
C. Respiratory acidosis
D. Metabolic alkalosis
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Vomiting results in the loss of hydrochloric acid from the
stomach, leading to an excess of bicarbonate in the blood, which causes metabolic alkalosis.
3. Which clinical manifestation is most characteristic of hypocalcemia?
A. Positive Chvostek’s sign
B. Shortened QT interval
C. Negative Trousseau’s sign
D. Hyporeflexia
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Hypocalcemia increases neuromuscular irritability. A positive
Chvostek’s sign (facial twitching when the facial nerve is tapped) is a classic indicator.
4. A patient has a serum potassium level of 6.2 mEq/L. Which ECG change is the nurse most
likely to observe?
A. Prominent U waves
B. ST-segment depression
, C. Tall, peaked T waves
D. Prolonged QT interval
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Hyperkalemia (potassium > 5.0 mEq/L) typically causes tall,
peaked T waves, widened QRS complexes, and potentially cardiac arrest.
5. A nurse is preparing to administer a hypertonic intravenous solution. Which solution fits
this description?
A. 3% Sodium Chloride
B. 0.9% Sodium Chloride
C. 0.45% Sodium Chloride
D. Lactated Ringer’s
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: 3% Sodium Chloride is hypertonic, meaning it has a higher
osmolarity than plasma, causing water to shift out of cells. 0.9% NaCl and LR are isotonic,
while 0.45% NaCl is hypotonic.
6. During the preoperative assessment, a patient reports an allergy to bananas and avocados.
The nurse should alert the surgical team about a potential allergy to:
A. Latex
B. Iodine
NURSING REVIEW QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS (LATEST 2026 /
2027), (A+ GUARANTEE).
1. A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) presents with a pH of 7.30, a
PaCO2 of 52 mmHg, and a HCO3 of 28 mEq/L. How should the nurse interpret these arterial
blood gas (ABG) results?
A. Metabolic alkalosis, partially compensated
B. Respiratory acidosis, uncompensated
C. Metabolic acidosis, fully compensated
D. Respiratory acidosis, partially compensated
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: The pH is low (acidosis), the PaCO2 is high (respiratory cause),
and the HCO3 is elevated, indicating the kidneys are attempting to compensate, making it
partially compensated respiratory acidosis.
2. A client is admitted with severe vomiting for three days. The nurse anticipates which acid-
base imbalance?
A. Respiratory alkalosis
,B. Metabolic acidosis
C. Respiratory acidosis
D. Metabolic alkalosis
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Vomiting results in the loss of hydrochloric acid from the
stomach, leading to an excess of bicarbonate in the blood, which causes metabolic alkalosis.
3. Which clinical manifestation is most characteristic of hypocalcemia?
A. Positive Chvostek’s sign
B. Shortened QT interval
C. Negative Trousseau’s sign
D. Hyporeflexia
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Hypocalcemia increases neuromuscular irritability. A positive
Chvostek’s sign (facial twitching when the facial nerve is tapped) is a classic indicator.
4. A patient has a serum potassium level of 6.2 mEq/L. Which ECG change is the nurse most
likely to observe?
A. Prominent U waves
B. ST-segment depression
, C. Tall, peaked T waves
D. Prolonged QT interval
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Hyperkalemia (potassium > 5.0 mEq/L) typically causes tall,
peaked T waves, widened QRS complexes, and potentially cardiac arrest.
5. A nurse is preparing to administer a hypertonic intravenous solution. Which solution fits
this description?
A. 3% Sodium Chloride
B. 0.9% Sodium Chloride
C. 0.45% Sodium Chloride
D. Lactated Ringer’s
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: 3% Sodium Chloride is hypertonic, meaning it has a higher
osmolarity than plasma, causing water to shift out of cells. 0.9% NaCl and LR are isotonic,
while 0.45% NaCl is hypotonic.
6. During the preoperative assessment, a patient reports an allergy to bananas and avocados.
The nurse should alert the surgical team about a potential allergy to:
A. Latex
B. Iodine
