NSG 120 NURSING FUNDAMENTALS -
EXAM 4 COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS (LATEST
), (A+ GUARANTEE).
1. A nurse is preparing a client for surgery. Which of the following is the primary
responsibility of the nurse regarding informed consent?
A. Explaining the risks and benefits of the procedure
B. Witnessing the client’s signature on the consent form
C. Ensuring the client understands the alternatives to the surgery
D. Obtaining the consent if the surgeon is unavailable
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: The surgeon is responsible for explaining the procedure, risks,
and benefits. The nurse’s role is to witness the signature and ensure the client is competent
to sign.
2. During the intraoperative phase, a patient develops muscle rigidity, tachycardia, and a
rapidly rising temperature. What is the priority action?
A. Administering a bolus of IV normal saline
B. Administering Dantrolene sodium as ordered
,C. Applying cooling blankets to the patient
D. Increasing the concentration of anesthetic gas
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: These are signs of malignant hyperthermia, a life-threatening
emergency. Dantrolene sodium is the specific pharmacological treatment to reverse the
process.
3. A post-operative patient reports a ‘popping’ sensation at the abdominal incision site. The
nurse notes bowel loops protruding through the wound. What is the immediate nursing
action?
A. Push the bowel back into the abdominal cavity gently
B. Apply a tight abdominal binder to hold the tissue in
C. Place the patient in a High-Fowler’s position
D. Cover the protruding organs with sterile gauze soaked in normal saline
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: This is an evisceration. The nurse must keep the organs moist
with sterile saline-soaked dressings and notify the surgeon immediately. Do not attempt to
reinsert the organs.
, 4. Which clinical manifestation is the earliest sign of hypovolemic shock in a post-operative
patient?
A. Hypotension
B. Decreased urine output
C. Tachycardia
D. Cold, clammy skin
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Tachycardia is a compensatory mechanism and is usually the
first sign of fluid volume deficit or shock, preceding a drop in blood pressure.
5. A patient with COPD is receiving oxygen at 2L/min via nasal cannula. Why is it dangerous to
increase the oxygen flow rate to a high level (e.g., 6L/min)?
A. It will cause pulmonary edema
B. It leads to respiratory alkalosis
C. It increases the risk of oxygen combustion
D. It can suppress the client’s drive to breathe
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: In chronic COPD, the stimulus to breathe changes from high CO2
to low O2 (hypoxic drive). Excessive O2 can stop the patient’s spontaneous respirations.
EXAM 4 COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS (LATEST
), (A+ GUARANTEE).
1. A nurse is preparing a client for surgery. Which of the following is the primary
responsibility of the nurse regarding informed consent?
A. Explaining the risks and benefits of the procedure
B. Witnessing the client’s signature on the consent form
C. Ensuring the client understands the alternatives to the surgery
D. Obtaining the consent if the surgeon is unavailable
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: The surgeon is responsible for explaining the procedure, risks,
and benefits. The nurse’s role is to witness the signature and ensure the client is competent
to sign.
2. During the intraoperative phase, a patient develops muscle rigidity, tachycardia, and a
rapidly rising temperature. What is the priority action?
A. Administering a bolus of IV normal saline
B. Administering Dantrolene sodium as ordered
,C. Applying cooling blankets to the patient
D. Increasing the concentration of anesthetic gas
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: These are signs of malignant hyperthermia, a life-threatening
emergency. Dantrolene sodium is the specific pharmacological treatment to reverse the
process.
3. A post-operative patient reports a ‘popping’ sensation at the abdominal incision site. The
nurse notes bowel loops protruding through the wound. What is the immediate nursing
action?
A. Push the bowel back into the abdominal cavity gently
B. Apply a tight abdominal binder to hold the tissue in
C. Place the patient in a High-Fowler’s position
D. Cover the protruding organs with sterile gauze soaked in normal saline
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: This is an evisceration. The nurse must keep the organs moist
with sterile saline-soaked dressings and notify the surgeon immediately. Do not attempt to
reinsert the organs.
, 4. Which clinical manifestation is the earliest sign of hypovolemic shock in a post-operative
patient?
A. Hypotension
B. Decreased urine output
C. Tachycardia
D. Cold, clammy skin
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Tachycardia is a compensatory mechanism and is usually the
first sign of fluid volume deficit or shock, preceding a drop in blood pressure.
5. A patient with COPD is receiving oxygen at 2L/min via nasal cannula. Why is it dangerous to
increase the oxygen flow rate to a high level (e.g., 6L/min)?
A. It will cause pulmonary edema
B. It leads to respiratory alkalosis
C. It increases the risk of oxygen combustion
D. It can suppress the client’s drive to breathe
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: In chronic COPD, the stimulus to breathe changes from high CO2
to low O2 (hypoxic drive). Excessive O2 can stop the patient’s spontaneous respirations.
