NRS 455 Exam 4 V1 | NRS 455 Pathophysiology |
Actual Q&A with Rationale (NRS455 Exam 4) |
Grand Canyon University
1. A patient with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus presents with extreme thirst, frequent urination,
and unexplained weight loss. Which statement best describes the underlying
pathophysiology of this condition?
A. There is an absolute insulin deficiency caused by the autoimmune destruction of
pancreatic beta cells.
B. The pancreas produces insufficient insulin due to insulin resistance in peripheral tissues.
C. The liver overproduces glucose despite normal insulin levels, leading to hyperglycemia.
D. Excessive glucagon secretion from alpha cells suppresses insulin production in the
pancreas.
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is characterized by the autoimmune destruction of
the beta cells in the islets of Langerhans. This leads to an absolute deficiency of insulin,
which is required for glucose uptake into the cells. Without insulin, the body remains in a
state of hyperglycemia and begins breaking down fats and proteins for energy.
,2. A nurse is assessing a patient for manifestations of hypothyroidism. Which of the following
findings should the nurse expect? Select all that apply.
A. Lethargy and fatigue
B. Cold intolerance
C. Weight gain despite poor appetite
D. Tachycardia and palpitations
E. Bradycardia
F. Exophthalmos
Correct Answer: A, B, C, E
Explanation: Hypothyroidism results in a generalized slowing of metabolic processes due
to low levels of thyroid hormones. Common symptoms include lethargy, cold intolerance,
weight gain, and bradycardia. Tachycardia and exophthalmos are characteristic findings of
hyperthyroidism, not hypothyroidism.
3. A patient is diagnosed with Graves’ Disease. Which pathophysiologic mechanism is
responsible for the symptoms observed in this patient?
A. Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) bind to TSH receptors, causing excessive
thyroid hormone production.
B. A benign pituitary tumor secretes excessive amounts of thyroid-stimulating hormone
(TSH).
, C. Iodine deficiency prevents the synthesis of T3 and T4, leading to compensatory thyroid
enlargement.
D. Chronic inflammation of the thyroid gland leads to the leakage of preformed hormones
into the blood.
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder where antibodies known as
thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins mimic TSH. These antibodies bind to and activate the
TSH receptors on the thyroid gland, leading to hyperthyroidism. This continuous
stimulation results in the overproduction of T3 and T4 and the enlargement of the gland.
4. Which clinical condition is characterized by an excessive release of antidiuretic hormone
(ADH) despite low serum osmolality and normal plasma volume?
A. Diabetes Insipidus (DI)
B. Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH)
C. Hyperaldosteronism
D. Cushing’s Disease
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: SIADH involves the hypersecretion of ADH, which causes the kidneys to
reabsorb excessive amounts of water. This leads to dilutional hyponatremia and low serum
osmolality. Unlike Diabetes Insipidus, which features a lack of ADH, SIADH presents with
concentrated urine and fluid retention.
Actual Q&A with Rationale (NRS455 Exam 4) |
Grand Canyon University
1. A patient with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus presents with extreme thirst, frequent urination,
and unexplained weight loss. Which statement best describes the underlying
pathophysiology of this condition?
A. There is an absolute insulin deficiency caused by the autoimmune destruction of
pancreatic beta cells.
B. The pancreas produces insufficient insulin due to insulin resistance in peripheral tissues.
C. The liver overproduces glucose despite normal insulin levels, leading to hyperglycemia.
D. Excessive glucagon secretion from alpha cells suppresses insulin production in the
pancreas.
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is characterized by the autoimmune destruction of
the beta cells in the islets of Langerhans. This leads to an absolute deficiency of insulin,
which is required for glucose uptake into the cells. Without insulin, the body remains in a
state of hyperglycemia and begins breaking down fats and proteins for energy.
,2. A nurse is assessing a patient for manifestations of hypothyroidism. Which of the following
findings should the nurse expect? Select all that apply.
A. Lethargy and fatigue
B. Cold intolerance
C. Weight gain despite poor appetite
D. Tachycardia and palpitations
E. Bradycardia
F. Exophthalmos
Correct Answer: A, B, C, E
Explanation: Hypothyroidism results in a generalized slowing of metabolic processes due
to low levels of thyroid hormones. Common symptoms include lethargy, cold intolerance,
weight gain, and bradycardia. Tachycardia and exophthalmos are characteristic findings of
hyperthyroidism, not hypothyroidism.
3. A patient is diagnosed with Graves’ Disease. Which pathophysiologic mechanism is
responsible for the symptoms observed in this patient?
A. Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) bind to TSH receptors, causing excessive
thyroid hormone production.
B. A benign pituitary tumor secretes excessive amounts of thyroid-stimulating hormone
(TSH).
, C. Iodine deficiency prevents the synthesis of T3 and T4, leading to compensatory thyroid
enlargement.
D. Chronic inflammation of the thyroid gland leads to the leakage of preformed hormones
into the blood.
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder where antibodies known as
thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins mimic TSH. These antibodies bind to and activate the
TSH receptors on the thyroid gland, leading to hyperthyroidism. This continuous
stimulation results in the overproduction of T3 and T4 and the enlargement of the gland.
4. Which clinical condition is characterized by an excessive release of antidiuretic hormone
(ADH) despite low serum osmolality and normal plasma volume?
A. Diabetes Insipidus (DI)
B. Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH)
C. Hyperaldosteronism
D. Cushing’s Disease
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: SIADH involves the hypersecretion of ADH, which causes the kidneys to
reabsorb excessive amounts of water. This leads to dilutional hyponatremia and low serum
osmolality. Unlike Diabetes Insipidus, which features a lack of ADH, SIADH presents with
concentrated urine and fluid retention.
