NRS 445 Exam 1 V1 | NRS 445 Nursing Research
and Evidence-Based Practice | Actual Q&A with
Rationale (NRS445 Exam 1) | Grand Canyon
University
1. Which of the following are essential components of the Evidence-Based Practice (EBP)
process? (Select all that apply)
A. Clinical expertise of the practitioner
B. Preferences and values of the patient
C. The highest quality of research evidence available
D. The financial profitability of the medical institution
E. Institutional policies that prioritize tradition over data
F. The specific clinical context or environment
Correct Answer: A, B, C, F
Explanation: Evidence-Based Practice is defined by the integration of best research
evidence with clinical expertise and patient values. The clinical context or environment
also plays a crucial role in determining how evidence is implemented in real-world
settings. Financial profitability and rigid institutional traditions are typically considered
barriers rather than core components of the EBP triad.
2. When developing a PICO question, what does the ‘I’ represent?
A. Implementation
,B. Investigation
C. Intervention
D. Interpretation
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The ‘I’ in the PICO(T) format stands for intervention, which identifies the
specific clinical action or treatment being studied. This could range from a medication or
surgical procedure to a specific nursing behavior or educational program. Identifying the
intervention clearly allows the researcher to narrow down the search for relevant clinical
evidence.
3. A nursing student is reviewing the hierarchy of evidence. Which type of study is considered
the ‘gold standard’ for testing the effects of a specific intervention?
A. Expert opinion and consensus reports
B. Case-control studies
C. Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs)
D. Qualitative meta-syntheses
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) are considered the gold standard for
intervention studies because they minimize bias through randomization. By assigning
participants to groups randomly, researchers ensure that differences in outcomes are likely
, due to the intervention itself rather than confounding variables. This level of evidence is
positioned high on the hierarchy, just below systematic reviews and meta-analyses.
4. Which of the following are recognized principles of the Belmont Report regarding ethics in
human subjects research? (Select all that apply)
A. Beneficence
B. Justice
C. Respect for Persons
D. Profitability
E. Efficiency
Correct Answer: A, B, C
Explanation: The Belmont Report outlines three fundamental ethical principles: respect
for persons, beneficence, and justice. Respect for persons involves acknowledging
autonomy and protecting those with diminished autonomy through informed consent.
Beneficence refers to the obligation to maximize possible benefits and minimize potential
harms to research participants.
5. A researcher is conducting a study to understand the lived experience of patients
undergoing chemotherapy for the first time. Which research design is most appropriate?
A. Experimental design
B. Phenomenology
and Evidence-Based Practice | Actual Q&A with
Rationale (NRS445 Exam 1) | Grand Canyon
University
1. Which of the following are essential components of the Evidence-Based Practice (EBP)
process? (Select all that apply)
A. Clinical expertise of the practitioner
B. Preferences and values of the patient
C. The highest quality of research evidence available
D. The financial profitability of the medical institution
E. Institutional policies that prioritize tradition over data
F. The specific clinical context or environment
Correct Answer: A, B, C, F
Explanation: Evidence-Based Practice is defined by the integration of best research
evidence with clinical expertise and patient values. The clinical context or environment
also plays a crucial role in determining how evidence is implemented in real-world
settings. Financial profitability and rigid institutional traditions are typically considered
barriers rather than core components of the EBP triad.
2. When developing a PICO question, what does the ‘I’ represent?
A. Implementation
,B. Investigation
C. Intervention
D. Interpretation
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The ‘I’ in the PICO(T) format stands for intervention, which identifies the
specific clinical action or treatment being studied. This could range from a medication or
surgical procedure to a specific nursing behavior or educational program. Identifying the
intervention clearly allows the researcher to narrow down the search for relevant clinical
evidence.
3. A nursing student is reviewing the hierarchy of evidence. Which type of study is considered
the ‘gold standard’ for testing the effects of a specific intervention?
A. Expert opinion and consensus reports
B. Case-control studies
C. Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs)
D. Qualitative meta-syntheses
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) are considered the gold standard for
intervention studies because they minimize bias through randomization. By assigning
participants to groups randomly, researchers ensure that differences in outcomes are likely
, due to the intervention itself rather than confounding variables. This level of evidence is
positioned high on the hierarchy, just below systematic reviews and meta-analyses.
4. Which of the following are recognized principles of the Belmont Report regarding ethics in
human subjects research? (Select all that apply)
A. Beneficence
B. Justice
C. Respect for Persons
D. Profitability
E. Efficiency
Correct Answer: A, B, C
Explanation: The Belmont Report outlines three fundamental ethical principles: respect
for persons, beneficence, and justice. Respect for persons involves acknowledging
autonomy and protecting those with diminished autonomy through informed consent.
Beneficence refers to the obligation to maximize possible benefits and minimize potential
harms to research participants.
5. A researcher is conducting a study to understand the lived experience of patients
undergoing chemotherapy for the first time. Which research design is most appropriate?
A. Experimental design
B. Phenomenology
