BSN HESI 266 MED SURG EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
(LATEST ), (A+ GUARANTEE).
1. A patient with heart failure is receiving Digoxin. Which of the following laboratory values
should the nurse monitor most closely to prevent toxicity?
A. Serum Sodium
B. Serum Calcium
C. Serum Potassium
D. Serum Glucose
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Hypokalemia (low potassium) increases the risk of Digoxin
toxicity because potassium and digoxin compete for binding sites on the sodium-potassium
ATPase pump.
2. Which arterial blood gas (ABG) result is most indicative of a patient in respiratory acidosis?
A. pH 7.32, PaCO2 50 mmHg, HCO3 26 mEq/L
B. pH 7.48, PaCO2 30 mmHg, HCO3 24 mEq/L
,C. pH 7.30, PaCO2 35 mmHg, HCO3 18 mEq/L
D. pH 7.50, PaCO2 40 mmHg, HCO3 32 mEq/L
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Respiratory acidosis is characterized by a low pH (<7.35) and a
high PaCO2 (>45 mmHg). Option B fits these criteria.
3. A nurse is caring for a patient with Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA). What is the primary initial
goal of treatment?
A. Correction of hyperglycemia with oral medications
B. Fluid resuscitation with 0.9% Normal Saline
C. Administration of long-acting insulin
D. Restriction of oral potassium intake
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Fluid resuscitation is the immediate priority to restore
circulatory volume and perfusion in a patient with DKA who is typically severely
dehydrated.
4. A patient is admitted with a suspected Myocardial Infarction. Which cardiac enzyme is
most specific for diagnosing myocardial injury?
A. Creatine Kinase (CK)
B. Myoglobin
, C. Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH)
D. Troponin I
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Troponin I is the most specific cardiac marker for myocardial
damage, as it is only found in cardiac muscle and stays elevated for several days.
5. The nurse notes that a patient with a head injury has a widening pulse pressure and
bradycardia. These findings suggest:
A. Cushing’s Triad (Increased ICP)
B. Hypovolemic shock
C. Pulmonary Embolism
D. Autonomic Dysreflexia
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Cushing’s Triad (widening pulse pressure, bradycardia, and
irregular respirations) is a late sign of increased intracranial pressure (ICP).
6. A patient who underwent a gastrectomy 2 weeks ago reports dizziness, sweating, and
palpitations after eating a high-carbohydrate meal. What is the most likely cause?
A. Dumping Syndrome
B. Peptic Ulcer Disease
C. Pernicious Anemia
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
(LATEST ), (A+ GUARANTEE).
1. A patient with heart failure is receiving Digoxin. Which of the following laboratory values
should the nurse monitor most closely to prevent toxicity?
A. Serum Sodium
B. Serum Calcium
C. Serum Potassium
D. Serum Glucose
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Hypokalemia (low potassium) increases the risk of Digoxin
toxicity because potassium and digoxin compete for binding sites on the sodium-potassium
ATPase pump.
2. Which arterial blood gas (ABG) result is most indicative of a patient in respiratory acidosis?
A. pH 7.32, PaCO2 50 mmHg, HCO3 26 mEq/L
B. pH 7.48, PaCO2 30 mmHg, HCO3 24 mEq/L
,C. pH 7.30, PaCO2 35 mmHg, HCO3 18 mEq/L
D. pH 7.50, PaCO2 40 mmHg, HCO3 32 mEq/L
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Respiratory acidosis is characterized by a low pH (<7.35) and a
high PaCO2 (>45 mmHg). Option B fits these criteria.
3. A nurse is caring for a patient with Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA). What is the primary initial
goal of treatment?
A. Correction of hyperglycemia with oral medications
B. Fluid resuscitation with 0.9% Normal Saline
C. Administration of long-acting insulin
D. Restriction of oral potassium intake
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Fluid resuscitation is the immediate priority to restore
circulatory volume and perfusion in a patient with DKA who is typically severely
dehydrated.
4. A patient is admitted with a suspected Myocardial Infarction. Which cardiac enzyme is
most specific for diagnosing myocardial injury?
A. Creatine Kinase (CK)
B. Myoglobin
, C. Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH)
D. Troponin I
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Troponin I is the most specific cardiac marker for myocardial
damage, as it is only found in cardiac muscle and stays elevated for several days.
5. The nurse notes that a patient with a head injury has a widening pulse pressure and
bradycardia. These findings suggest:
A. Cushing’s Triad (Increased ICP)
B. Hypovolemic shock
C. Pulmonary Embolism
D. Autonomic Dysreflexia
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Cushing’s Triad (widening pulse pressure, bradycardia, and
irregular respirations) is a late sign of increased intracranial pressure (ICP).
6. A patient who underwent a gastrectomy 2 weeks ago reports dizziness, sweating, and
palpitations after eating a high-carbohydrate meal. What is the most likely cause?
A. Dumping Syndrome
B. Peptic Ulcer Disease
C. Pernicious Anemia
