Aphy 102 Super Exam 3 Nutrition and Metabolic Final Questions and Answers

Aphy 102 Super Exam 3 Nutrition and
Metabolic Final Questions and Answers
(#1) Main parts of the nephron

Kidney contains about 1 million nephrons. It consistss of renal ______, renal _____ ,
and ___ duct. - CORRECT ANSWER-Renal Corpuscle
- Glomerulus
- Glomerular capsule

Renal tube
- Proximal convulted tubule
- Descending limb of nephron loop
- Ascending imb of nephron loop
- Distal convoluted tubule

Collecting duct

(#1) Renal Corpuscle contains filtering units composed of tangled clusters of blood
capillaries called ___ _. Also contains a surrounding thin-walled sac-like structure
called _____( __ ) capsule - CORRECT ANSWER-Glomerulus
Glomerular (Bowman's)

(#1) Renal corpuscle consists of Glomerulus what is it and what is the function of this?

- a knot of ____
-very _____
-Filtration due to ____ ____
-Filtrates not urine yet anything but _____,___, and large

function - Filtration of ___ and dissolved substances from the ____ - CORRECT
ANSWER-capillaries
permeable
bp

rbc
wbc
proteins

water
plasma

,(#1) renal corpuscle consists of Glomerular (bowman's) capsule which is a _____-____
sac-like structure.

Surround ____
____/ ___ component

afferent arterioles give rise to these capillaries which lead to ____ arterioles.

function - Receives the ___ filtrate - CORRECT ANSWER-thin-walleed
glomerulus
visceral/parietal

efferent

glomerular

(#1) renal tube consists of

-
-
-
- - CORRECT ANSWER--Proximal convoluted tubule
-descending limb of nephron loop
- Ascending limb of nephron loop
-Distal convoluted tubule

(#1) Filtered fluid enter the renal tube which lead away from the glomerular capsule and
becomes highly coils portion called ____ ______ _____. Following it is the _____ ____
aka loop of _. The proximal convoluted tubule tips toward the renal pelvis to
become the __________ of the nephron loop. The tubule curves back toward it renal
corpuscle and forms the ____________ of the nephron loop. The ascneding limb return
toward its renal corpuscle of orgin, wher eit become the ________ _. This distal portion
is shorter and somewhat less coiled than proximal tube. Fluid from the distal convoluted
tubule merge in the renal cortex to form ______ _ . - CORRECT ANSWER-Proximal
convoluted tubule
nephron look aka loop of henle

descending limb
ascending limb
distal consulted tubule

collecting ducts

(#1)Proximal convoluted tubule - CORRECT ANSWER--Reabsorption of glucose
amino acids
creatine

,lactic
citric
uric
ascorbic acids
phosphate
sulfate
calcium
potassium
sodium ion by active transport

- Re-absorption of proteins by endocytosis

-Re absorption of water by osmosis

- Re absorption of chloride ions and other negatively charges ions by electrochemical
attraction

- Active secretion of substances such as penicillin histamine, creatinine, and hydrogen
ions

(#1)Descending limb of nephron loop function

reabsorption of ___ by ___ - CORRECT ANSWER-reabsorption of water by osmosis

(#1)Ascending limb of nephron loop function

reabsorption of ___, chloride, and ___ ions by ___ transport - CORRECT ANSWER-
Reabsorption of sodium, chloride, and potassium ions by active transport

(#1)Distal convoluted tubule function

reabsorption of ___ ions by ___ transport

reabsorption of ___ by ____

active secretion of ___ ions

secretions of potassium ion both actively and by electrochemical attraction - CORRECT
ANSWER-Re-absorption of sodium ions by active transport

re-absorption of water by osmosis

active secretion of hydrogen ions

secretion of potassium ion both actively and by electrochemical attraction

, (#1)Collecting duct function - CORRECT ANSWER-Reabsorption of water by osmosis

Corticle nephrons characteristics

___ nephrons

__ nephrons in the ___

short loops that extend only pat way into the renal ___ - CORRECT ANSWER-most
nephrons
most nephrons in the cortex
short loops that extend only part way into the renal medulla

Juxamedullary nephrons

-
- most of the nephron is in the ___ but the loop of henle goes very deeply into the ___
- significance? - CORRECT ANSWER-1. Fewer nephrons (20%)
2. Most of the nephron is in the cortex but the loop (of Henle) goes very deeply into the
medulla
3. Significance? - regulating water balance?

(#2) How is urine formed? What are the 3 processes? (Main function of kidneys) -
CORRECT ANSWER-Glomerular filtration

Tubular reabsorption

Tubular secretion

(#2) Glomerular filtration

anything except ___,____ and lg ___

___ formation begins here - CORRECT ANSWER-•Pressure, filtrate (NOT urine), from
the blood
•Anything except RBCs, WBCs, Large proteins

Urine formation begins here

filters water and other small dissolved molecules and ions out of the glomerular capillary
plasma and into the glomerular capsules.

(#2) Tubular reabsorption - CORRECT ANSWER-• Reabsorption of "goodies" back into
blood

(#2) Tubular secretion - CORRECT ANSWER-wastes from blood into tubules