TEST BANK FOR EVIDENCE-BASED
PRACTICE FOR NURSES:
APPRAISAL AND APPLICATION OF
RESEARCH 5TH EDITION BY NOLA
A. SCHMIDT, JANET M. BROWN :
ISBN-10; 1284226328 / ISBN-13; 978-
1284226324
TEST BANK FOR EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE FOR NURSES: APPRAISAL AND APPLICATION OF
RESEARCH (5th Edition)
CHAPTER 1: WHAT IS EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE?
Multiple Choice
1. Which of the following is the best definition of research?
a. Critically thinking about problems that occur in health care to determine possible solutions.
b. Information that is based on personal experience or tradition.
c. Planned and systematic activity that leads to new knowledge and/or the discovery of solutions to
problems or questions.
d. Trying a variety of approaches to a clinical problem and settling on the approach that is effective
more often than not.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Research is defined as planned and systematic activity that leads to new knowledge and/or
the discovery of solutions to problems or questions (p. 14). Option A describes critical thinking, option B
describes tradition-based knowledge, and option D describes trial and error, none of which constitute
formal research.
2. Which of the following is the best definition of research utilization?
a. Applying research findings from individual studies to practice.
b. Analyzing multiple research studies to synthesize findings.
,c. Appreciating the importance of clinical decision making.
d. Using previous personal experience to build confidence.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Research utilization is the application of research findings from individual studies to practice
(p. 4). Option B describes synthesis or systematic review, option C is too vague, and option D describes
experience-based practice, not research utilization.
3. Which of the following is the best definition of evidence-based practice (EBP)?
a. Application of research findings based on scientific theories in a clinical setting.
b. Research studies that correspond to nationally established priorities for healthcare, conducted by
experts in their fields.
c. Use of theory-derived, research-based information in making decisions about health care delivery,
with consideration of individual needs and preferences and the clinical expertise of the provider.
d. Using the individual health care provider's perception of truth without conscious attention or
reasoning.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: EBP is the use of theory-derived, research-based information in making decisions about
health care delivery, with consideration of individual needs and preferences and the clinical expertise of
the provider (pp. 4-5). Option A is too narrow, option B describes research priorities, and option D
describes intuition or unsystematic practice.
4. Which of the following best describes the difference between research utilization and EBP?
a. Research utilization is a process of evaluating multiple studies for the most generalizable findings; EBP
is use of the most recent study on a topic.
b. Research utilization involves changing practice based on findings of a single research study; EBP is the
syntheses of findings from multiple studies to incorporate with practitioner skills and client preference
to determine best care.
c. Research utilization is the application of research findings to health care practice; EBP is considered in
selecting medication options.
d. Research utilization is review of research publications; EBP is using the healthcare provider's
perception of what care would be best in individual situations.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Research utilization involves changing practice based on findings of a single research study,
while EBP is the synthesis of findings from multiple studies incorporated with practitioner skills and
,client preference to determine best care (pp. 4-5). Option A reverses the definitions, option C is
inaccurate, and option D mischaracterizes both concepts.
5. In what way can evidence from disciplines other than nursing be helpful?
a. Theory based non-nursing evidence can provide a basis on which to build new evidence.
b. Non-nursing evidence supports the use of nursing knowledge obtained by trial and error.
c. Clinical decision making can be based on findings from single non-nursing research studies.
d. All evidence is equally important to the practice of nursing.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Theory-based non-nursing evidence can provide a basis on which to build new evidence (p.
6). Option B is incorrect because trial and error is not a preferred basis for practice. Option C is incorrect
because single studies are not the best basis for clinical decision making. Option D is incorrect because
not all evidence is equally important or of equal quality.
6. You are a new nurse working at XYZ hospital. Your preceptor tells you to dangle Ms. Jones' legs on
the side of the bed before you attempt to assist her to a chair. You ask your preceptor why this is
done and she answers, "This is what we have always done, so go do it." This is an example of which
type of evidence?
a. Trial and error
b. Intuition
c. Borrowed evidence
d. Tradition
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Tradition is knowledge that is passed down from one generation of nurses to another and is
based on "the way things have always been done" (p. 6). Trial and error involves trying different
approaches until one works. Intuition is a feeling or gut instinct. Borrowed evidence comes from other
disciplines.
7. You are a new nurse working at XYZ hospital. Your preceptor tells you to dangle Ms. Jones' legs on
the side of the bed before you attempt to assist her to a chair. You ask your preceptor why this is
done and she answers, "Because I said so." This is an example of which type of evidence?
a. Intuition
b. Tradition
, c. Authority
d. Borrowed evidence
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Authority is a source of evidence based on the pronouncements of an individual in a position
of power or authority (p. 6). The preceptor is using her positional authority rather than providing a
scientific rationale. Tradition refers to "the way things have always been done." Intuition is a gut feeling.
Borrowed evidence comes from other disciplines.
8. Trial and error is not a preferred approach for delivering nursing care because
a. it is not based on systematic scientific approaches.
b. it is not a sanctioned method by the American Nurses Association.
c. it is based only on intuition and therefore not scientifically based.
d. patient outcomes are always based only on level 1 evidence.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Trial and error is not a preferred approach because it is not based on systematic scientific
approaches (p. 6). It involves trying various approaches until one appears to work, without a scientific
basis. Option B is incorrect because the ANA does not sanction specific methods of care delivery. Option
C is incorrect because trial and error is not based solely on intuition. Option D is incorrect because not
all patient outcomes are based only on level 1 evidence.
9. Many nurses in clinical settings base nursing interventions on information obtained from
a. level 1 evidence.
b. individual research studies.
c. colleagues.
d. the American Nurses Association.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Many nurses in clinical settings base nursing interventions on information obtained from
colleagues (p. 8). This is a common barrier to adopting EBP. Level 1 evidence is not commonly used by
most staff nurses. Individual research studies are not the primary source of information for most nurses.
The ANA provides guidelines but is not the primary source of day-to-day interventions.
10. Studies have shown that the reasons that nurses do not draw on research are related to
PRACTICE FOR NURSES:
APPRAISAL AND APPLICATION OF
RESEARCH 5TH EDITION BY NOLA
A. SCHMIDT, JANET M. BROWN :
ISBN-10; 1284226328 / ISBN-13; 978-
1284226324
TEST BANK FOR EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE FOR NURSES: APPRAISAL AND APPLICATION OF
RESEARCH (5th Edition)
CHAPTER 1: WHAT IS EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE?
Multiple Choice
1. Which of the following is the best definition of research?
a. Critically thinking about problems that occur in health care to determine possible solutions.
b. Information that is based on personal experience or tradition.
c. Planned and systematic activity that leads to new knowledge and/or the discovery of solutions to
problems or questions.
d. Trying a variety of approaches to a clinical problem and settling on the approach that is effective
more often than not.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Research is defined as planned and systematic activity that leads to new knowledge and/or
the discovery of solutions to problems or questions (p. 14). Option A describes critical thinking, option B
describes tradition-based knowledge, and option D describes trial and error, none of which constitute
formal research.
2. Which of the following is the best definition of research utilization?
a. Applying research findings from individual studies to practice.
b. Analyzing multiple research studies to synthesize findings.
,c. Appreciating the importance of clinical decision making.
d. Using previous personal experience to build confidence.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Research utilization is the application of research findings from individual studies to practice
(p. 4). Option B describes synthesis or systematic review, option C is too vague, and option D describes
experience-based practice, not research utilization.
3. Which of the following is the best definition of evidence-based practice (EBP)?
a. Application of research findings based on scientific theories in a clinical setting.
b. Research studies that correspond to nationally established priorities for healthcare, conducted by
experts in their fields.
c. Use of theory-derived, research-based information in making decisions about health care delivery,
with consideration of individual needs and preferences and the clinical expertise of the provider.
d. Using the individual health care provider's perception of truth without conscious attention or
reasoning.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: EBP is the use of theory-derived, research-based information in making decisions about
health care delivery, with consideration of individual needs and preferences and the clinical expertise of
the provider (pp. 4-5). Option A is too narrow, option B describes research priorities, and option D
describes intuition or unsystematic practice.
4. Which of the following best describes the difference between research utilization and EBP?
a. Research utilization is a process of evaluating multiple studies for the most generalizable findings; EBP
is use of the most recent study on a topic.
b. Research utilization involves changing practice based on findings of a single research study; EBP is the
syntheses of findings from multiple studies to incorporate with practitioner skills and client preference
to determine best care.
c. Research utilization is the application of research findings to health care practice; EBP is considered in
selecting medication options.
d. Research utilization is review of research publications; EBP is using the healthcare provider's
perception of what care would be best in individual situations.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Research utilization involves changing practice based on findings of a single research study,
while EBP is the synthesis of findings from multiple studies incorporated with practitioner skills and
,client preference to determine best care (pp. 4-5). Option A reverses the definitions, option C is
inaccurate, and option D mischaracterizes both concepts.
5. In what way can evidence from disciplines other than nursing be helpful?
a. Theory based non-nursing evidence can provide a basis on which to build new evidence.
b. Non-nursing evidence supports the use of nursing knowledge obtained by trial and error.
c. Clinical decision making can be based on findings from single non-nursing research studies.
d. All evidence is equally important to the practice of nursing.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Theory-based non-nursing evidence can provide a basis on which to build new evidence (p.
6). Option B is incorrect because trial and error is not a preferred basis for practice. Option C is incorrect
because single studies are not the best basis for clinical decision making. Option D is incorrect because
not all evidence is equally important or of equal quality.
6. You are a new nurse working at XYZ hospital. Your preceptor tells you to dangle Ms. Jones' legs on
the side of the bed before you attempt to assist her to a chair. You ask your preceptor why this is
done and she answers, "This is what we have always done, so go do it." This is an example of which
type of evidence?
a. Trial and error
b. Intuition
c. Borrowed evidence
d. Tradition
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Tradition is knowledge that is passed down from one generation of nurses to another and is
based on "the way things have always been done" (p. 6). Trial and error involves trying different
approaches until one works. Intuition is a feeling or gut instinct. Borrowed evidence comes from other
disciplines.
7. You are a new nurse working at XYZ hospital. Your preceptor tells you to dangle Ms. Jones' legs on
the side of the bed before you attempt to assist her to a chair. You ask your preceptor why this is
done and she answers, "Because I said so." This is an example of which type of evidence?
a. Intuition
b. Tradition
, c. Authority
d. Borrowed evidence
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Authority is a source of evidence based on the pronouncements of an individual in a position
of power or authority (p. 6). The preceptor is using her positional authority rather than providing a
scientific rationale. Tradition refers to "the way things have always been done." Intuition is a gut feeling.
Borrowed evidence comes from other disciplines.
8. Trial and error is not a preferred approach for delivering nursing care because
a. it is not based on systematic scientific approaches.
b. it is not a sanctioned method by the American Nurses Association.
c. it is based only on intuition and therefore not scientifically based.
d. patient outcomes are always based only on level 1 evidence.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Trial and error is not a preferred approach because it is not based on systematic scientific
approaches (p. 6). It involves trying various approaches until one appears to work, without a scientific
basis. Option B is incorrect because the ANA does not sanction specific methods of care delivery. Option
C is incorrect because trial and error is not based solely on intuition. Option D is incorrect because not
all patient outcomes are based only on level 1 evidence.
9. Many nurses in clinical settings base nursing interventions on information obtained from
a. level 1 evidence.
b. individual research studies.
c. colleagues.
d. the American Nurses Association.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Many nurses in clinical settings base nursing interventions on information obtained from
colleagues (p. 8). This is a common barrier to adopting EBP. Level 1 evidence is not commonly used by
most staff nurses. Individual research studies are not the primary source of information for most nurses.
The ANA provides guidelines but is not the primary source of day-to-day interventions.
10. Studies have shown that the reasons that nurses do not draw on research are related to
