HSS 1100 FINAL EXAM |ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS|BRAND NEW 2026-2027
UPDATE|GRADED A+
Question 1
. Which of the following statements is true about complement?:
a. Complement is made by B lymphocytes
b. Complement is made by T helper cells
c. Complement is a type of immunoglobulin or Ig
d. Complement what is left over once phagocytic cells have engulfed and destroyed bacterial
pathogens
e. Plasma proteins that work together to resist bacterial infections through a cascade of
reactions.
CORRECT ANSWER
e. Plasma proteins that work together to resist bacterial infections through a cascade of
reactions.
Question 2
M-protein is used to distinguish antigenic groups of which of the following bacteria?
a. Staphylococci
b. Gram-positive bacteria
c. Gram-negative bacteria
d. Streptococci
e. Lactic acid bacteria such as probiotics.
CORRECT ANSWER
d. Streptococci
1
,Question 3
Important targets of antibiotics in bacteria is:
CORRECT ANSWER
The cell wall
Question 4
Which of the following factors are helpful in the prevention of microbial growth on the
skin:
a. High pH between 8 and 10
b. Dryness of the skin
c. Inhibitory substances
CORRECT ANSWER
b. Dryness of the skin or
c. Inhibitory substances
Question 5
Resident flora can be found in all the following locations in the human body except the:
a. Female genital tract
b. Lungs
c. Skin
d. Mouth
e. Large intestine
CORRECT ANSWER
2
, b. Lungs
Question 6
Non-specific immunity includes all of the following except:
a. Skin
b. Acid pH (example, sebaceous secretions like sweat)
c. Mucous membranes
d. Antibodies made by B cells
e. Tears from the eye when viewing a sad movie.
CORRECT ANSWER
d. Antibodies made by B cells
Question 7
10. Which of the following statements is false:
a. Newborns lack an intestinal flora
b. Most bacteria are not human pathogens
c. Healthy, intact skin is normally impermeable to microorganisms
d. Normal flora bacteria never cause infection
e. The absence of a normal flora would make an individual more susceptible to infection
CORRECT ANSWER
d. Normal flora bacteria never cause infection
Question 8
3
, A bacteria that rarely causes disease in healthy humans but may do so in situations where
the immune system or another defence mechanism has been compromised by, for
example, a burn, overuse of antibiotics or a stab wound, is known as:
a. Highly virulent
b. Normal microflora
c. Opportunistic
d. Non-pathogenic
e. A parasitic infection
CORRECT ANSWER
c. Opportunistic
Question 9
If the safranin step were omitted in the Gram-Staining procedure, what colour would you
expect Gram-positive bacteria to stain and what colour would you expect Gram-negative
bacteria to stain?
CORRECT ANSWER
Gram-positive=purple; Gram-negative=colourless
Question 10
Which of the following statements about streptococcus pyogenes is false?
a. S. pyogenes can cause puerperal fever
b. Some strains of S. pyogenes produce large amounts of hyaluronidase
c. S. pyogenes produces streptolysins, toxic substances to macrophages
d. S. pyogenes is commonly known as Group B Streptococci
e. S. pyogenes is associated with scarlet fever
CORRECT ANSWER
d. S. pyogenes is commonly known as Group B Streptococci
4
VERIFIED ANSWERS|BRAND NEW 2026-2027
UPDATE|GRADED A+
Question 1
. Which of the following statements is true about complement?:
a. Complement is made by B lymphocytes
b. Complement is made by T helper cells
c. Complement is a type of immunoglobulin or Ig
d. Complement what is left over once phagocytic cells have engulfed and destroyed bacterial
pathogens
e. Plasma proteins that work together to resist bacterial infections through a cascade of
reactions.
CORRECT ANSWER
e. Plasma proteins that work together to resist bacterial infections through a cascade of
reactions.
Question 2
M-protein is used to distinguish antigenic groups of which of the following bacteria?
a. Staphylococci
b. Gram-positive bacteria
c. Gram-negative bacteria
d. Streptococci
e. Lactic acid bacteria such as probiotics.
CORRECT ANSWER
d. Streptococci
1
,Question 3
Important targets of antibiotics in bacteria is:
CORRECT ANSWER
The cell wall
Question 4
Which of the following factors are helpful in the prevention of microbial growth on the
skin:
a. High pH between 8 and 10
b. Dryness of the skin
c. Inhibitory substances
CORRECT ANSWER
b. Dryness of the skin or
c. Inhibitory substances
Question 5
Resident flora can be found in all the following locations in the human body except the:
a. Female genital tract
b. Lungs
c. Skin
d. Mouth
e. Large intestine
CORRECT ANSWER
2
, b. Lungs
Question 6
Non-specific immunity includes all of the following except:
a. Skin
b. Acid pH (example, sebaceous secretions like sweat)
c. Mucous membranes
d. Antibodies made by B cells
e. Tears from the eye when viewing a sad movie.
CORRECT ANSWER
d. Antibodies made by B cells
Question 7
10. Which of the following statements is false:
a. Newborns lack an intestinal flora
b. Most bacteria are not human pathogens
c. Healthy, intact skin is normally impermeable to microorganisms
d. Normal flora bacteria never cause infection
e. The absence of a normal flora would make an individual more susceptible to infection
CORRECT ANSWER
d. Normal flora bacteria never cause infection
Question 8
3
, A bacteria that rarely causes disease in healthy humans but may do so in situations where
the immune system or another defence mechanism has been compromised by, for
example, a burn, overuse of antibiotics or a stab wound, is known as:
a. Highly virulent
b. Normal microflora
c. Opportunistic
d. Non-pathogenic
e. A parasitic infection
CORRECT ANSWER
c. Opportunistic
Question 9
If the safranin step were omitted in the Gram-Staining procedure, what colour would you
expect Gram-positive bacteria to stain and what colour would you expect Gram-negative
bacteria to stain?
CORRECT ANSWER
Gram-positive=purple; Gram-negative=colourless
Question 10
Which of the following statements about streptococcus pyogenes is false?
a. S. pyogenes can cause puerperal fever
b. Some strains of S. pyogenes produce large amounts of hyaluronidase
c. S. pyogenes produces streptolysins, toxic substances to macrophages
d. S. pyogenes is commonly known as Group B Streptococci
e. S. pyogenes is associated with scarlet fever
CORRECT ANSWER
d. S. pyogenes is commonly known as Group B Streptococci
4
