5 vital signs respirations, pulse rate, blood pressure, temperature, and pain
Nursing is recognized as profession based on what criteria -well defined body specific and unique knowledge
-strong service orientation
-recognized authority by a professional group (ANA)
-code of ethics
-professional organization that sets standards
-ongoing research
-autonomy and self-regulation
Florence Nightingale defined nursing as both an art and science, differentiated nursing from medicine,
created freestanding nursing education, published books; founder of modern
nursing
Clara Barton established red cross; volunteered to care for wounds and feed union soldiers
during civil war; served as supervisor of nurses for the army of James
goals of nursing research -improve care in clinical setting
-study ppl and nurse process: education, policy development, ethics, nursing history
-develop greater autonomy and strength as a profession
-provide evidence-based nursing practice
evidence-based practice (EBP) a problem-solving approach to making clinical decisions, using the best evidence
available; blends both science and art of nursing so best outcomes are achieved;
may consist of specific nursing interventions or use guidelines established for the
care of patients
steps in implementing EBP Step 1: ask a question about a clinical area of interest or an intervention
Step 2: collect the most relevant and best evidence
Step 3: Critically appraise the evidence
Step 4: integrate the evidence w/ clinical expertise, patient preferences, and values
in making a decision to change
Step 5: evaluate the practice decision or change
human dimensions that compose the whole person: physical, intellectual, environmental, spiritual, sociocultural, and emotional
acute illness rapid onset of symptoms and lasts only a short time; examples: cold, diarrhea,
pneumonia, appendicitis
chronic illness slow onset, characteristics: permanent change, caused by change in anatomy,
requires special patient education, long period of care or support; examples: heart
disease, diabetes, lung diseases, and arthritis
stages-of-illness behaviors Stage 1: experiencing symptoms
Stage 2: assuming the sick role
Stage 3: assuming a dependent role
Stage 4: achieving recovery and rehabilitation
primary health promotion directed towards PROMOTING health and PREVENTING the development of
disease processes or injury; example: immunization clinic, family planning services,
accident prevention education
secondary health promotion focus on SCREENING for early detection of disease with prompt diagnosis and
treatment of any found; example: assessing children for normal growth and
development and encourage regular medical, dental and vision exams
, tertiary health promotion after an illness is diagnosed and treated;
example: teaching a patient with diabetes how to recognize and prevent
complications, refer woman to support group after removal of breast due to cancer
maslow hierarchy of needs provides a framework for nursing assessment and for understanding the needs of
patients at all levels; many nursing interventions are aimed at meeting patients'
basic human needs
Maslows level 1: physiologic needs oxygen, food, water, sex, rest, physical activity; physiologic needs are highest
priority
Maslows level 2: safety and security needs both physical and emotional components; being protected from potential or actual
harm
Maslows level 3: love and belonging needs often called higher-level needs; understanding and acceptance of others in both
giving and receiving love; feeling of belonging; unmet needs produce loneliness and
isolation
Maslows level 4: self-esteem needs need for a person to feel good about oneself, to feel pride and a sense of
accomplishment, and to believe that others also respect and appreciate those
accomplishments; positive self-esteem facilitates the person's confidence and
independence
Maslows level 5: Self-Actualization acceptance of self and others as they are; each lower level must be met; focus of
interest on problems outside oneself; respect for all people; focus on strengths and
possibilities vs problems
autonomy respect rights of patients to make health care decisions
nonmaleficence avoid causing harm
beneficence benefit the patient; balance benefits against risks and harms
nurse practice acts each state has its own; protects public with legal scope of nursing practice
standards used as guidelines for peer review (ANA)
establishing an effective nurse-patient relationship -reduce anxiety through therapeutic communication, teaching, and acceptance
-remember that the patient has concerns and needs other medical ones
-communicate with the patient as an individual
-take time to learn about the patient being admitted
-provide for the family participation in all aspects of care
when does discharge planning start? as soon as the patient comes in the door
Nursing is recognized as profession based on what criteria -well defined body specific and unique knowledge
-strong service orientation
-recognized authority by a professional group (ANA)
-code of ethics
-professional organization that sets standards
-ongoing research
-autonomy and self-regulation
Florence Nightingale defined nursing as both an art and science, differentiated nursing from medicine,
created freestanding nursing education, published books; founder of modern
nursing
Clara Barton established red cross; volunteered to care for wounds and feed union soldiers
during civil war; served as supervisor of nurses for the army of James
goals of nursing research -improve care in clinical setting
-study ppl and nurse process: education, policy development, ethics, nursing history
-develop greater autonomy and strength as a profession
-provide evidence-based nursing practice
evidence-based practice (EBP) a problem-solving approach to making clinical decisions, using the best evidence
available; blends both science and art of nursing so best outcomes are achieved;
may consist of specific nursing interventions or use guidelines established for the
care of patients
steps in implementing EBP Step 1: ask a question about a clinical area of interest or an intervention
Step 2: collect the most relevant and best evidence
Step 3: Critically appraise the evidence
Step 4: integrate the evidence w/ clinical expertise, patient preferences, and values
in making a decision to change
Step 5: evaluate the practice decision or change
human dimensions that compose the whole person: physical, intellectual, environmental, spiritual, sociocultural, and emotional
acute illness rapid onset of symptoms and lasts only a short time; examples: cold, diarrhea,
pneumonia, appendicitis
chronic illness slow onset, characteristics: permanent change, caused by change in anatomy,
requires special patient education, long period of care or support; examples: heart
disease, diabetes, lung diseases, and arthritis
stages-of-illness behaviors Stage 1: experiencing symptoms
Stage 2: assuming the sick role
Stage 3: assuming a dependent role
Stage 4: achieving recovery and rehabilitation
primary health promotion directed towards PROMOTING health and PREVENTING the development of
disease processes or injury; example: immunization clinic, family planning services,
accident prevention education
secondary health promotion focus on SCREENING for early detection of disease with prompt diagnosis and
treatment of any found; example: assessing children for normal growth and
development and encourage regular medical, dental and vision exams
, tertiary health promotion after an illness is diagnosed and treated;
example: teaching a patient with diabetes how to recognize and prevent
complications, refer woman to support group after removal of breast due to cancer
maslow hierarchy of needs provides a framework for nursing assessment and for understanding the needs of
patients at all levels; many nursing interventions are aimed at meeting patients'
basic human needs
Maslows level 1: physiologic needs oxygen, food, water, sex, rest, physical activity; physiologic needs are highest
priority
Maslows level 2: safety and security needs both physical and emotional components; being protected from potential or actual
harm
Maslows level 3: love and belonging needs often called higher-level needs; understanding and acceptance of others in both
giving and receiving love; feeling of belonging; unmet needs produce loneliness and
isolation
Maslows level 4: self-esteem needs need for a person to feel good about oneself, to feel pride and a sense of
accomplishment, and to believe that others also respect and appreciate those
accomplishments; positive self-esteem facilitates the person's confidence and
independence
Maslows level 5: Self-Actualization acceptance of self and others as they are; each lower level must be met; focus of
interest on problems outside oneself; respect for all people; focus on strengths and
possibilities vs problems
autonomy respect rights of patients to make health care decisions
nonmaleficence avoid causing harm
beneficence benefit the patient; balance benefits against risks and harms
nurse practice acts each state has its own; protects public with legal scope of nursing practice
standards used as guidelines for peer review (ANA)
establishing an effective nurse-patient relationship -reduce anxiety through therapeutic communication, teaching, and acceptance
-remember that the patient has concerns and needs other medical ones
-communicate with the patient as an individual
-take time to learn about the patient being admitted
-provide for the family participation in all aspects of care
when does discharge planning start? as soon as the patient comes in the door
