ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 2 STUDY GUIDE UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers | Practice Questions | A+ Verified

ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 2 STUDY GUIDE UPDATED
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers | Practice
Questions | A+ Verified

Question 1.
While planning care for elderly individuals, the nurse remembers the elderly are at a
higher risk for developing dehydration because they have a(n):

Correct Answer: decreased muscle mass


Question 2.
Which of the following patients should the nurse assess for a decreased oncotic pressure
in the capillaries? A patient with:

Correct Answer: liver failure


Question 3.
Water movement between the ICF and ECF compartments is determined by:

Correct Answer: osmotic forces


Question 4.
An experiment was designed to test the effects of the Starling forces on fluid movement.
Which of the following alterations would result in fluid moving into the interstitial space?

Correct Answer: Increased interstitial oncotic pressure


Question 5.
When planning care for a dehydrated patient, the nurse remembers the principle of
water balance is closely related to _____ balance.

Correct Answer: Sodium


Question 6.
A 70-year-old male with chronic renal failure presents with edema. Which of the
following is the most likely cause of this condition?

Correct Answer: Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure


Question 7.
A 10-year-old male is brought to the emergency room (ER) because he is incoherent and
semiconscious. CT scan reveals that he is suffering from cerebral edema. This type of
edema is referred to as:

,Correct Answer: localized edema
• A nurse is teaching the staff about antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Which
information should the nurse include? Secretion of ADH is stimulated by:
-✓✓increased plasma osmolality


Question 8.
Which statement by the staff indicates teaching was successful concerning aldosterone?
Secretion of aldosterone results in:

Correct Answer: increased blood volume


Question 9.
A 25-year-old male is diagnosed with a hormone-secreting tumor of the adrenal cortex.
Which finding would the nurse expect to see in the lab results?

Correct Answer: Decreased blood K+ levels


Question 10.
A patient has been searching on the Internet about natriuretic hormones. When the
patient asks the nurse what do these hormones do, how should the nurse respond?
Natriuretic hormones affect the balance of:

Correct Answer: Sodium


Question 11.
A 5-year-old male presents to the ER with delirium and sunken eyes. After diagnosing
him with severe dehydration, the primary care provider orders fluid replacement. The
nurse administers a hypertonic intravenous solution. Which of the following would be
expected?

Correct Answer: Intracellular dehydration


Question 12.
Which of the following patients is the most at risk for developing hypernatremia? A
patient with:

Correct Answer: dehydration


Question 13.
The most common cause of pure water deficit is:

Correct Answer: A. renal water loss

,Question 14.
Hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia are associated with:

Correct Answer: Hypertonic hyponatremia
• A 52-year-old diabetic male presents to the ER with lethargy, confusion, and
depressed reflexes. His wife indicates that he does not follow the prescribed
diet and takes his medication sporadically. Lab results indicate
hyperglycemia. Which assessment finding is most likely to occur?
-✓✓decreased sodium


Question 15.
When taking care of a patient with hyperkalemia, which principle is priority?
Hyperkalemia causes a(n) _____ in resting membrane potential with _____ excitability of
cardiac muscle.

Correct Answer: increase, increased


Question 16.
Which of the following patients is most prone to hypochloremia? A patient with:

Correct Answer: Increased bicarbonate intake


Question 17.
Which of the following conditions would cause the nurse to monitor for hyperkalemia?

Correct Answer: Acute acidosis


Question 18.
Which organ system should the nurse monitor when the patient has long-term
potassium deficits?

Correct Answer: kidneys


Question 19.
A 42-year-old female presents to her primary care provider reporting muscle weakness
and cardiac abnormalities. Laboratory tests indicate that she is hypokalemic. Which of
the following could be the cause of her condition?

Correct Answer: Primary hyperaldosteronism


Question 20.
A 19-year-old male presents to his primary care provider reporting restlessness, muscle
cramping, and diarrhea. Lab tests reveal that he is hyperkalemic. Which of the following
could have caused his condition?

Correct Answer: acidosis

, Question 21.
A 60-year-old female is diagnosed with hyperkalemia. Which assessment finding should
the nurse expect to observe?

Correct Answer: oliguria
• Which of the following buffer pairs is considered the major plasma buffering
system? -✓✓carbonic acid and bicarbonate


Question 22.
A nurse recalls regulation of acid-base balance through removal or retention of volatile
acids is accomplished by the:

Correct Answer: lungs


Question 23.
Physiologic pH is maintained around 7.4 because carbonic acid and bicarbonate exist in
a ratio of:

Correct Answer: 20:1


Question 24.
Which patient is most prone to metabolic alkalosis? A patient with:

Correct Answer: Excessive loss of chloride (Cl)


Question 25.
Which patient should the nurse assess for both hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis? A
patient diagnosed with:

Correct Answer: renal failure


Question 26.
For a patient experiencing metabolic acidosis, the body will compensate by:

Correct Answer: hyperventilating


Question 27.
Which finding would support the diagnosis of respiratory acidosis?

Correct Answer: pneumonia


Question 28.
A 54-year-old male with a long history of smoking complains of excessive tiredness,
shortness of breath, and overall ill feelings. Lab results reveal decreased pH, increased