BIOS 242 EXAM 3 PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND
DETAILED SOLUTIONS
◉ alternative pathway
Answer: begins when complement proteins bind to normal cell wall
and surface components of microorganisms
◉ lectin pathway
Answer: mannose-binding lectin binds to sugars on microbes
◉ Membrane Attack Complex (MAC)
Answer: end product of each pathway
forms pores in microbial membranes; results in lysing/bursting of
bacteria
◉ interferons
Answer: -Produced by virus-infected cells.
-Warn neighboring cells to produce antiviral proteins.
-the infected cell is sacrificed
◉ immune system 3rd line of defense
Answer: adaptive and specific
,- T cells, B cells, antibodies, antigen recognition
◉ what are the types of T cells
Answer: Cytotoxic T cells
Helper T cells
Memory T cells
◉ Cytotoxic T cells (CD8)
Answer: release perforin + granzyme → directly kill infected cells by
inducing apoptosis
recognize MHC Class 1 antigens
◉ Helper T cells (CD4)
Answer: secrete cytokines, which activates B cells & cytotoxic T cells.
recognize MHC Class 2 antigens
◉ Memory T cells
Answer: long lasting defense; Provides a faster and stronger
response upon re-exposure to a pathogen.
, ◉ B Cells
Answer: Lymphocytes that produce antibodies to target specific
antigens
differentiates into plasma cells (produce antibodies) and memory B
cells (faster response with re-exposure)
◉ Antibodies (immunoglobulins)
Answer: attack foreign proteins and pathogens
IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE, IgD
◉ IgM
Answer: first response, pentamer, good at agglutination
◉ IgG
Answer: monomer, most abundant, crosses placenta, long-term
immunity
◉ IgA
Answer: dimer, mucosal/secretory (saliva, breast milk).
◉ IgE
DETAILED SOLUTIONS
◉ alternative pathway
Answer: begins when complement proteins bind to normal cell wall
and surface components of microorganisms
◉ lectin pathway
Answer: mannose-binding lectin binds to sugars on microbes
◉ Membrane Attack Complex (MAC)
Answer: end product of each pathway
forms pores in microbial membranes; results in lysing/bursting of
bacteria
◉ interferons
Answer: -Produced by virus-infected cells.
-Warn neighboring cells to produce antiviral proteins.
-the infected cell is sacrificed
◉ immune system 3rd line of defense
Answer: adaptive and specific
,- T cells, B cells, antibodies, antigen recognition
◉ what are the types of T cells
Answer: Cytotoxic T cells
Helper T cells
Memory T cells
◉ Cytotoxic T cells (CD8)
Answer: release perforin + granzyme → directly kill infected cells by
inducing apoptosis
recognize MHC Class 1 antigens
◉ Helper T cells (CD4)
Answer: secrete cytokines, which activates B cells & cytotoxic T cells.
recognize MHC Class 2 antigens
◉ Memory T cells
Answer: long lasting defense; Provides a faster and stronger
response upon re-exposure to a pathogen.
, ◉ B Cells
Answer: Lymphocytes that produce antibodies to target specific
antigens
differentiates into plasma cells (produce antibodies) and memory B
cells (faster response with re-exposure)
◉ Antibodies (immunoglobulins)
Answer: attack foreign proteins and pathogens
IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE, IgD
◉ IgM
Answer: first response, pentamer, good at agglutination
◉ IgG
Answer: monomer, most abundant, crosses placenta, long-term
immunity
◉ IgA
Answer: dimer, mucosal/secretory (saliva, breast milk).
◉ IgE
