APEA Pathophysiology
Master 1 | Study Guide,
Practice Questions &
Exam Review
|Guaranteed success|
,A patient who is in cardiogenic shock will present with: mixed venous oxygen saturation
a high cardiac index
decreased vascular resistance Patients will have a low cardiac index, elevated filling pressures of the left,
increased ventricular ejection fraction right, or both ventricles, and a decreased mixed venous oxygen saturation.
mixed venous oxygen saturation
With each heart beat, blood within the left and right aorta and pulmonary artery
ventricle is ejected into the:
left atrium only
aorta and pulmonary artery
anterior descending artery
right coronary artery
The primary cause of cardiogenic shock in a patient failure of the ventricle to pump adequately
with an acute MI is:
failure of the ventricle to pump blood adequately
failure of the aortic valve to pump blood adequately
regurgitation of the tricuspid valve
regurgitation of the mitral valve
Unstable angina is characterized by: increased crescendo angina
angina with prolonged activity
angina symptoms lasting >6 months. unstable angina is characterized by prolonged angina at rest (usually >20
increasing crescendo angina minutes at rest), and increasing crescendo angina (now more frequent & longer
angina with elevated cardiac markers duration)
Which one of the following produces visible evidence varicose veins
of an underlying problem with reverse venous flow?
cellulitis
bruising
stasis dermatitis
varicose veins
Which one of the following is NOT an assessment end-organ hyperperfusion
finding in a patient who is experiencing shock?
low urine output
end-organ hyperperfusion
poor mentation
hypotension
A progressive disease of heart muscle that is dilated cardiomyopathy
characterized by ventricular chamber enlargement and
contractile dysfunction is:
acute coronary syndrome
cardiac tamponade
dilated cardiomyopathy
thyrotoxicosis
,Patients with acute coronary syndrome may experience oxygen demand
chest pain secondary to:
arterial vasodilation
oxygen demand
potassium depletion
elevated creatine
What is the purpose of activation of the sympathetic Production of arterial vasoconstriction
nervous system, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone
system, and the antidiuretic system in the presence of all three of those systems are activated in the presence of heart failure and
impaired cardiac pumping and/or filling? produce arterial vasoconstriction and help to maintain systemic pressure to
promotion of venous relaxation ensure tissue & organ perfusion
production of arterial vasoconstriction
decrease in venous pressure
decrease in ventricular filling
Atherosclerosis in the lower extremities commonly peripheral artery disease
causes:
venous insufficiency
peripheral artery disease
lymphadenopathy
diabetic neuropathy
Which of the following is not a deficit of tetralogy of an enlargement of the tricuspid valves
Fallot?
a hole between the ventricles of the heart
a narrowing of the pulmonary valve and artery
an enlargement of the tricuspid valves
a thickening of the ventricle chambers
which of the following cardiac rhythms do not lead to a normal sinus rhythm
decrease in cardiac output?
normal sinus rhythm
bradycardia
atrial fibrillation
atrioventricular block
Aortic stenosis may be identified by: a crescendo-decrescendo systolic murmur
a low-intensity, high pitched murmur this begins shortly after the first heart sound. S1 is usually normal or soft and
a crescendo-decrescendo systolic murmur the A2 (second heart sound) is usually diminished or absent due to aortic valve
a high pitched and blowing murmur with a decrescendo calcification & immobility
configuration
a murmur with a rumbling character
, Transposition of the great arteries is described as: cyanotic mixed defects with increased pulmonary blood flow
acyanotic deficits increasing pulmonary blood flow
cyanotic defect that decreases pulmonary blood flow
cyanotic mixed defects with increased pulmonary
blood flow
obstructive lesions with poor blood flow from
ventricles
Which of the following cardiac rhythms is characterized Sinus bradycardia
by P waves that precede each QRS interval
sinus bradycardia
atrial flutter
ventricle tachycardia
Torsades de Pointes
Pediatric patients with tetralogy of Fallot have episodes tet spells
of bluish skin during crying and feeding that are called:
tachypnea
dyspnea
tet spells
Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Which of the following types of angina involves Unstable angina
nocturnal symptoms? Causes symptoms at rest & at night
Classic angina
Stable angina
Prinzmetal's angina
Unstable angina
Whish congenital heart defect is known to cause Tetralogy of Fallot
cyanotic crying episodes precipitated by crying,
feeding, or other activities?
Atrial septal defect
Ventricular septal defect
Patent ductus arteriosus
Tetralogy of Fallot
Which of the following statements accurately describes It is caused by a ventricular ectopic pacemaker
a premature ventricular contraction (PVC)?
It is caused by a ventricular ectopic pacemaker
It is caused by failure of the AV node to fire
It is caused by bifurcation of the bundle of HIs
It is caused by prolongation of the QT interval
Master 1 | Study Guide,
Practice Questions &
Exam Review
|Guaranteed success|
,A patient who is in cardiogenic shock will present with: mixed venous oxygen saturation
a high cardiac index
decreased vascular resistance Patients will have a low cardiac index, elevated filling pressures of the left,
increased ventricular ejection fraction right, or both ventricles, and a decreased mixed venous oxygen saturation.
mixed venous oxygen saturation
With each heart beat, blood within the left and right aorta and pulmonary artery
ventricle is ejected into the:
left atrium only
aorta and pulmonary artery
anterior descending artery
right coronary artery
The primary cause of cardiogenic shock in a patient failure of the ventricle to pump adequately
with an acute MI is:
failure of the ventricle to pump blood adequately
failure of the aortic valve to pump blood adequately
regurgitation of the tricuspid valve
regurgitation of the mitral valve
Unstable angina is characterized by: increased crescendo angina
angina with prolonged activity
angina symptoms lasting >6 months. unstable angina is characterized by prolonged angina at rest (usually >20
increasing crescendo angina minutes at rest), and increasing crescendo angina (now more frequent & longer
angina with elevated cardiac markers duration)
Which one of the following produces visible evidence varicose veins
of an underlying problem with reverse venous flow?
cellulitis
bruising
stasis dermatitis
varicose veins
Which one of the following is NOT an assessment end-organ hyperperfusion
finding in a patient who is experiencing shock?
low urine output
end-organ hyperperfusion
poor mentation
hypotension
A progressive disease of heart muscle that is dilated cardiomyopathy
characterized by ventricular chamber enlargement and
contractile dysfunction is:
acute coronary syndrome
cardiac tamponade
dilated cardiomyopathy
thyrotoxicosis
,Patients with acute coronary syndrome may experience oxygen demand
chest pain secondary to:
arterial vasodilation
oxygen demand
potassium depletion
elevated creatine
What is the purpose of activation of the sympathetic Production of arterial vasoconstriction
nervous system, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone
system, and the antidiuretic system in the presence of all three of those systems are activated in the presence of heart failure and
impaired cardiac pumping and/or filling? produce arterial vasoconstriction and help to maintain systemic pressure to
promotion of venous relaxation ensure tissue & organ perfusion
production of arterial vasoconstriction
decrease in venous pressure
decrease in ventricular filling
Atherosclerosis in the lower extremities commonly peripheral artery disease
causes:
venous insufficiency
peripheral artery disease
lymphadenopathy
diabetic neuropathy
Which of the following is not a deficit of tetralogy of an enlargement of the tricuspid valves
Fallot?
a hole between the ventricles of the heart
a narrowing of the pulmonary valve and artery
an enlargement of the tricuspid valves
a thickening of the ventricle chambers
which of the following cardiac rhythms do not lead to a normal sinus rhythm
decrease in cardiac output?
normal sinus rhythm
bradycardia
atrial fibrillation
atrioventricular block
Aortic stenosis may be identified by: a crescendo-decrescendo systolic murmur
a low-intensity, high pitched murmur this begins shortly after the first heart sound. S1 is usually normal or soft and
a crescendo-decrescendo systolic murmur the A2 (second heart sound) is usually diminished or absent due to aortic valve
a high pitched and blowing murmur with a decrescendo calcification & immobility
configuration
a murmur with a rumbling character
, Transposition of the great arteries is described as: cyanotic mixed defects with increased pulmonary blood flow
acyanotic deficits increasing pulmonary blood flow
cyanotic defect that decreases pulmonary blood flow
cyanotic mixed defects with increased pulmonary
blood flow
obstructive lesions with poor blood flow from
ventricles
Which of the following cardiac rhythms is characterized Sinus bradycardia
by P waves that precede each QRS interval
sinus bradycardia
atrial flutter
ventricle tachycardia
Torsades de Pointes
Pediatric patients with tetralogy of Fallot have episodes tet spells
of bluish skin during crying and feeding that are called:
tachypnea
dyspnea
tet spells
Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Which of the following types of angina involves Unstable angina
nocturnal symptoms? Causes symptoms at rest & at night
Classic angina
Stable angina
Prinzmetal's angina
Unstable angina
Whish congenital heart defect is known to cause Tetralogy of Fallot
cyanotic crying episodes precipitated by crying,
feeding, or other activities?
Atrial septal defect
Ventricular septal defect
Patent ductus arteriosus
Tetralogy of Fallot
Which of the following statements accurately describes It is caused by a ventricular ectopic pacemaker
a premature ventricular contraction (PVC)?
It is caused by a ventricular ectopic pacemaker
It is caused by failure of the AV node to fire
It is caused by bifurcation of the bundle of HIs
It is caused by prolongation of the QT interval
