NRSG 2350 EXAM 1 MASTER REVIEW 2026/2027 | COMPLETE
TEST BANK & STUDY GUIDE | MOST TESTED CONCEPTS |
CORRECT ANSWERS| COMPREHENSIVE EXAM PREPARATION
1. What characteristic defines free radicals in terms of their electron
configuration?
They have an unpaired electron in their outer shell.
They are stable and non-reactive.
They have a full outer electron shell.
They are only found in certain types of cells.
2. Describe the significance of IgG antibodies in the immune response and their
ability to cross the placenta.
IgG antibodies are the first responders in the immune system and are
less abundant than IgM.
IgG antibodies primarily function in allergic reactions and do not cross
the placenta.
IgG antibodies are involved in the production of red blood cells and
are not found in body fluids.
IgG antibodies are crucial for identifying and neutralizing
pathogens and can provide passive immunity to the fetus by
crossing the placenta.
3. A patient requires rapid pain relief and is unable to take oral medications.
Which route of drug administration would be most appropriate in this
scenario?
Intravenous (IV)
Oral (po)
, Sublingual (SL)
Topical
4. Antibodies are secreted protein immunoglobulin that can bind to more of the
same antigen. Which statement is true about IgA
it is the first to be secreted during the primary immune response to an
antigen
it triggers the release of histamine
it is present in secretions such as mucus and breast milk
it is found primarily on the cell membrane of B- lymphocytes
5. If a patient experiences tissue necrosis in response to a severe burn, what
physiological changes might you expect to observe in the affected area?
Swelling and cell rupture in the affected tissue.
Increased blood flow and reduced swelling.
Decreased immune response in the surrounding area.
Enhanced healing and regeneration of tissue.
6. Describe the significance of measuring osmolality in clinical settings.
Measuring osmolality evaluates the rate of drug metabolism.
Measuring osmolality indicates the presence of pathogens in the
body.
Measuring osmolality helps assess fluid balance and electrolyte
status in patients.
Measuring osmolality determines the pH level of body fluids.
,7. What is the primary function of muscle tissue?
To control and coordinate body activities
To produce body secretions
To transport nutrients
To produce movement
8. If a patient has a deficiency in IgD antibodies, what aspect of their immune
function might be compromised?
Phagocytosis by macrophages
Antigen recognition by B cells
Antibody production by plasma cells
Cytokine production
9. If a red blood cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, what will happen to the
cell in terms of osmosis?
The cell will remain the same size.
The cell will shrink due to water moving out of it.
The cell will swell as water moves into it.
The cell will burst from excess water intake.
10. If a patient is bedridden for an extended period, what cellular change might
occur in their muscle tissue, and what could be the potential consequences?
Muscle atrophy due to decreased use, leading to weakness and
mobility issues.
No change in muscle tissue due to bed rest.
, Increased muscle size due to fluid retention.
Muscle hypertrophy due to increased rest, enhancing strength.
11. What is the primary function of Neutrophils?
maturation into macrophages
phagocytes that ingest and destroy bacterial cells
mediation of inflammation
Involvement in the body's response to infection and allergies
12. An ischemia is
a foreign object that travels through the blood stream
a blood clot that forms in a blood vessel
blockage of a blood vessel
the reduction of blood flow to an organ, which causes an
inadequate supply of oxygen
13. Describe how low calcium levels relate to the clinical features of
hyperphosphatemia.
Low calcium levels can lead to symptoms such as tetany and
muscle spasms.
Low calcium levels result in decreased heart rate.
Low calcium levels cause increased blood pressure.
Low calcium levels have no effect on muscle function.
TEST BANK & STUDY GUIDE | MOST TESTED CONCEPTS |
CORRECT ANSWERS| COMPREHENSIVE EXAM PREPARATION
1. What characteristic defines free radicals in terms of their electron
configuration?
They have an unpaired electron in their outer shell.
They are stable and non-reactive.
They have a full outer electron shell.
They are only found in certain types of cells.
2. Describe the significance of IgG antibodies in the immune response and their
ability to cross the placenta.
IgG antibodies are the first responders in the immune system and are
less abundant than IgM.
IgG antibodies primarily function in allergic reactions and do not cross
the placenta.
IgG antibodies are involved in the production of red blood cells and
are not found in body fluids.
IgG antibodies are crucial for identifying and neutralizing
pathogens and can provide passive immunity to the fetus by
crossing the placenta.
3. A patient requires rapid pain relief and is unable to take oral medications.
Which route of drug administration would be most appropriate in this
scenario?
Intravenous (IV)
Oral (po)
, Sublingual (SL)
Topical
4. Antibodies are secreted protein immunoglobulin that can bind to more of the
same antigen. Which statement is true about IgA
it is the first to be secreted during the primary immune response to an
antigen
it triggers the release of histamine
it is present in secretions such as mucus and breast milk
it is found primarily on the cell membrane of B- lymphocytes
5. If a patient experiences tissue necrosis in response to a severe burn, what
physiological changes might you expect to observe in the affected area?
Swelling and cell rupture in the affected tissue.
Increased blood flow and reduced swelling.
Decreased immune response in the surrounding area.
Enhanced healing and regeneration of tissue.
6. Describe the significance of measuring osmolality in clinical settings.
Measuring osmolality evaluates the rate of drug metabolism.
Measuring osmolality indicates the presence of pathogens in the
body.
Measuring osmolality helps assess fluid balance and electrolyte
status in patients.
Measuring osmolality determines the pH level of body fluids.
,7. What is the primary function of muscle tissue?
To control and coordinate body activities
To produce body secretions
To transport nutrients
To produce movement
8. If a patient has a deficiency in IgD antibodies, what aspect of their immune
function might be compromised?
Phagocytosis by macrophages
Antigen recognition by B cells
Antibody production by plasma cells
Cytokine production
9. If a red blood cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, what will happen to the
cell in terms of osmosis?
The cell will remain the same size.
The cell will shrink due to water moving out of it.
The cell will swell as water moves into it.
The cell will burst from excess water intake.
10. If a patient is bedridden for an extended period, what cellular change might
occur in their muscle tissue, and what could be the potential consequences?
Muscle atrophy due to decreased use, leading to weakness and
mobility issues.
No change in muscle tissue due to bed rest.
, Increased muscle size due to fluid retention.
Muscle hypertrophy due to increased rest, enhancing strength.
11. What is the primary function of Neutrophils?
maturation into macrophages
phagocytes that ingest and destroy bacterial cells
mediation of inflammation
Involvement in the body's response to infection and allergies
12. An ischemia is
a foreign object that travels through the blood stream
a blood clot that forms in a blood vessel
blockage of a blood vessel
the reduction of blood flow to an organ, which causes an
inadequate supply of oxygen
13. Describe how low calcium levels relate to the clinical features of
hyperphosphatemia.
Low calcium levels can lead to symptoms such as tetany and
muscle spasms.
Low calcium levels result in decreased heart rate.
Low calcium levels cause increased blood pressure.
Low calcium levels have no effect on muscle function.
