,COMPREHENSIVE NURS QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GRADED A+ LATEST 2026/2027
◉ A patient with normal renal function has a potassium level of 6.0
mEq/L. Which underlying cause is possible in this patient?
a. Adrenocortical deficiency
b. Alcoholism
c. Hypertension
d. Malabsorption syndrome.
Hyperkalemia without underlying renal disorder may be caused by
Addison's disease, which is an adrenocortical deficiency. Alcoholism,
hypertension, and malabsorption syndromes all contribute to
hypokalemia.
◉ A hospitalized patient with renal failure is accidentally given
parenteral potassium and has a potassium level of 7.0 mEq/L. An
ECG reveals a normal QRS interval. What is the initial recommended
treatment for this patient?
a. Calcium chloride
b. Insulin and glucose infusion
c. Sodium bicarbonate
d. Sodium polystyrene sulfate.
,Patients with severe hyperkalemia should have IV administration of
glucose and insulin to lower potassium levels quickly. If
lifethreatening sequelae, such as a widening QRS interval, are
present, calcium chloride is given. Sodium bicarbonate is
occasionally used, but should be used cautiously to prevent
metabolic alkalosis. Sodium polystyrene sulfate is used when oral
medications may be given.
◉ When using the 2013 ACC/AHA "Guideline on the Assessment of
Cardiovascular Risk" to treat patients with hyperlipidemia, the
practitioner understands that it will provide what information?
a. Goals for treatment for low-density lipoprotein levels
b. How to titrate statin drugs to achieve goal levels
c. Use of non-statin therapy for primary prevention
d. Which patients will benefit from statin therapy.
The 2013 guidelines identify four groups of patients who will
benefit from statin therapy to lower low-density lipoprotein
cholesterol (LDL-C). The guidelines do not identify goal levels for
treatment, do not recommend titration of statin drugs to achieve
results, and do not recommend non-statin therapies for primary
prevention.
◉ A patient with type 2 diabetes has a low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
level of 110 gm/dL. What is recommended to manage this patient?
a. Dietary and lifestyle changes to modify risk
b. Initial treatment with a low intensity statin medication
, c. Prescription of a moderate or high intensity statin
d. Statin therapy until the LDL level is below 75 mg/dL.
This patient is in one of the four groups of patients identified in
current guidelines as one who would benefit from statin therapy
because of type 2 diabetes. A moderate to high intensity statin
should be prescribed. Statins will be used in conjunction with
dietary and lifestyle changes, but these treatments alone do not
reduce risk in this patient. Titration of statins is not recommended,
and goal levels are no longer part of the protocol.
◉ A patient who is taking a statin drug to treat dyslipidemia has
begun a diet and exercise program. The patient reports new onset of
muscle pain several weeks after beginning therapy. What is the
initial action by the provider?
a. Discontinue the statin drug immediately
b. Obtain a creatine kinase level
c. Prescribe acetaminophen or ibuprofen
d. Recommend reducing exercise intensity.
A potential serious side effect of statin drugs is drug-induced
myopathy. Patients who report new-onset muscle pain should have
creatine kinase levels evaluated. If this is elevated, the drug should
be stopped, and renal function should be evaluated. It is not safe to
assume that the muscle pain is related to the exercise until CK levels
are determined.
◉ What is important about increased PAI-1 levels in patients?
ANSWERS GRADED A+ LATEST 2026/2027
◉ A patient with normal renal function has a potassium level of 6.0
mEq/L. Which underlying cause is possible in this patient?
a. Adrenocortical deficiency
b. Alcoholism
c. Hypertension
d. Malabsorption syndrome.
Hyperkalemia without underlying renal disorder may be caused by
Addison's disease, which is an adrenocortical deficiency. Alcoholism,
hypertension, and malabsorption syndromes all contribute to
hypokalemia.
◉ A hospitalized patient with renal failure is accidentally given
parenteral potassium and has a potassium level of 7.0 mEq/L. An
ECG reveals a normal QRS interval. What is the initial recommended
treatment for this patient?
a. Calcium chloride
b. Insulin and glucose infusion
c. Sodium bicarbonate
d. Sodium polystyrene sulfate.
,Patients with severe hyperkalemia should have IV administration of
glucose and insulin to lower potassium levels quickly. If
lifethreatening sequelae, such as a widening QRS interval, are
present, calcium chloride is given. Sodium bicarbonate is
occasionally used, but should be used cautiously to prevent
metabolic alkalosis. Sodium polystyrene sulfate is used when oral
medications may be given.
◉ When using the 2013 ACC/AHA "Guideline on the Assessment of
Cardiovascular Risk" to treat patients with hyperlipidemia, the
practitioner understands that it will provide what information?
a. Goals for treatment for low-density lipoprotein levels
b. How to titrate statin drugs to achieve goal levels
c. Use of non-statin therapy for primary prevention
d. Which patients will benefit from statin therapy.
The 2013 guidelines identify four groups of patients who will
benefit from statin therapy to lower low-density lipoprotein
cholesterol (LDL-C). The guidelines do not identify goal levels for
treatment, do not recommend titration of statin drugs to achieve
results, and do not recommend non-statin therapies for primary
prevention.
◉ A patient with type 2 diabetes has a low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
level of 110 gm/dL. What is recommended to manage this patient?
a. Dietary and lifestyle changes to modify risk
b. Initial treatment with a low intensity statin medication
, c. Prescription of a moderate or high intensity statin
d. Statin therapy until the LDL level is below 75 mg/dL.
This patient is in one of the four groups of patients identified in
current guidelines as one who would benefit from statin therapy
because of type 2 diabetes. A moderate to high intensity statin
should be prescribed. Statins will be used in conjunction with
dietary and lifestyle changes, but these treatments alone do not
reduce risk in this patient. Titration of statins is not recommended,
and goal levels are no longer part of the protocol.
◉ A patient who is taking a statin drug to treat dyslipidemia has
begun a diet and exercise program. The patient reports new onset of
muscle pain several weeks after beginning therapy. What is the
initial action by the provider?
a. Discontinue the statin drug immediately
b. Obtain a creatine kinase level
c. Prescribe acetaminophen or ibuprofen
d. Recommend reducing exercise intensity.
A potential serious side effect of statin drugs is drug-induced
myopathy. Patients who report new-onset muscle pain should have
creatine kinase levels evaluated. If this is elevated, the drug should
be stopped, and renal function should be evaluated. It is not safe to
assume that the muscle pain is related to the exercise until CK levels
are determined.
◉ What is important about increased PAI-1 levels in patients?
