Page 1 of 64
FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING: SAFETY, SKILLS,
INFECTION CONTROL & NURSING PROCESS 2026–2027
COMPLETE REVIEW :100 QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED
RATIONALES
Nursing / Health Sciences
Exam coverage:
• Nursing Process and Clinical Judgment (Questions 1–
20): ADPIE, Maslow's hierarchy, SBAR, documentation, and
clinical decision-making.
• Safety and Quality Improvement (Questions 21–35): Fall
prevention, medication safety, Joint Commission NPSG 12,
QSEN competencies, and safe patient handling.
• Infection Control and Asepsis (Questions 36–55): Standard
precautions, transmission-based precautions, PPE, hand
hygiene, and needlestick prevention.
• Vital Signs and Physical Assessment (Questions 56–
70): Normal ranges, assessment techniques, and clinical
tools (Glasgow Coma Scale, Braden Scale, Morse Fall Scale).
• Medication Administration (Questions 71–85): Rights of
medication administration, high-alert medications, IV
therapy, and special populations.
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• Basic Care and Comfort (Questions 86–95): Mobility,
nutrition, elimination, pain management, and comfort
measures.
• Documentation, Communication, and Professional
Standards (Questions 96–100): Objective vs. subjective
data, SBAR, HIPAA, and end-of-life care.
Section 1: The Nursing Process and Clinical Judgment
(Questions 1–20)
Question 1: A nurse is caring for a client who reports new-onset
chest pain. Which step of the nursing process is the nurse
performing when obtaining the client's vital signs and pain
characteristics?
A. Assessment
B. Diagnosis
C. Planning
D. Evaluation
CORRECT ANSWER: A
RATIONALE: Assessment is the first step of the nursing process
(ADPIE: Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation,
Evaluation), involving the collection of subjective and objective
data. Obtaining vital signs and pain characteristics is data
collection. Diagnosis involves analyzing the data to identify the
problem. Planning involves developing a care plan. Evaluation
involves assessing outcomes.
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Question 2: A nurse analyzes client data and determines that
the client has "impaired gas exchange related to decreased lung
expansion." Which step of the nursing process does this
represent?
A. Assessment
B. Diagnosis
C. Planning
D. Implementation
CORRECT ANSWER: B
RATIONALE: Diagnosis (nursing diagnosis) is the second step of
the nursing process, where the nurse analyzes collected data to
identify actual or potential health problems. Assessment is data
collection. Planning is developing goals and interventions.
Implementation is performing interventions.
Question 3: A nurse establishes a goal that a client will
"ambulate 50 feet with a walker by postoperative day 2." Which
step of the nursing process does this represent?
A. Assessment
B. Diagnosis
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C. Planning
D. Evaluation
CORRECT ANSWER: C
RATIONALE: Planning involves developing client-centered goals
and expected outcomes, as well as selecting interventions.
Establishing a specific, measurable goal is part of the planning
phase. Assessment is data collection. Diagnosis identifies the
problem. Evaluation determines if goals were met.
Question 4: A nurse administers an prescribed medication to a
client. Which step of the nursing process does this action
represent?
A. Assessment
B. Diagnosis
C. Planning
D. Implementation
CORRECT ANSWER: D
RATIONALE: Implementation is the fourth step of the nursing
process, where the nurse performs the planned interventions,
including administering medications. Assessment involves data
collection. Diagnosis identifies the problem. Planning involves
developing the care plan.
FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING: SAFETY, SKILLS,
INFECTION CONTROL & NURSING PROCESS 2026–2027
COMPLETE REVIEW :100 QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED
RATIONALES
Nursing / Health Sciences
Exam coverage:
• Nursing Process and Clinical Judgment (Questions 1–
20): ADPIE, Maslow's hierarchy, SBAR, documentation, and
clinical decision-making.
• Safety and Quality Improvement (Questions 21–35): Fall
prevention, medication safety, Joint Commission NPSG 12,
QSEN competencies, and safe patient handling.
• Infection Control and Asepsis (Questions 36–55): Standard
precautions, transmission-based precautions, PPE, hand
hygiene, and needlestick prevention.
• Vital Signs and Physical Assessment (Questions 56–
70): Normal ranges, assessment techniques, and clinical
tools (Glasgow Coma Scale, Braden Scale, Morse Fall Scale).
• Medication Administration (Questions 71–85): Rights of
medication administration, high-alert medications, IV
therapy, and special populations.
, Page 2 of 64
• Basic Care and Comfort (Questions 86–95): Mobility,
nutrition, elimination, pain management, and comfort
measures.
• Documentation, Communication, and Professional
Standards (Questions 96–100): Objective vs. subjective
data, SBAR, HIPAA, and end-of-life care.
Section 1: The Nursing Process and Clinical Judgment
(Questions 1–20)
Question 1: A nurse is caring for a client who reports new-onset
chest pain. Which step of the nursing process is the nurse
performing when obtaining the client's vital signs and pain
characteristics?
A. Assessment
B. Diagnosis
C. Planning
D. Evaluation
CORRECT ANSWER: A
RATIONALE: Assessment is the first step of the nursing process
(ADPIE: Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation,
Evaluation), involving the collection of subjective and objective
data. Obtaining vital signs and pain characteristics is data
collection. Diagnosis involves analyzing the data to identify the
problem. Planning involves developing a care plan. Evaluation
involves assessing outcomes.
, Page 3 of 64
Question 2: A nurse analyzes client data and determines that
the client has "impaired gas exchange related to decreased lung
expansion." Which step of the nursing process does this
represent?
A. Assessment
B. Diagnosis
C. Planning
D. Implementation
CORRECT ANSWER: B
RATIONALE: Diagnosis (nursing diagnosis) is the second step of
the nursing process, where the nurse analyzes collected data to
identify actual or potential health problems. Assessment is data
collection. Planning is developing goals and interventions.
Implementation is performing interventions.
Question 3: A nurse establishes a goal that a client will
"ambulate 50 feet with a walker by postoperative day 2." Which
step of the nursing process does this represent?
A. Assessment
B. Diagnosis
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C. Planning
D. Evaluation
CORRECT ANSWER: C
RATIONALE: Planning involves developing client-centered goals
and expected outcomes, as well as selecting interventions.
Establishing a specific, measurable goal is part of the planning
phase. Assessment is data collection. Diagnosis identifies the
problem. Evaluation determines if goals were met.
Question 4: A nurse administers an prescribed medication to a
client. Which step of the nursing process does this action
represent?
A. Assessment
B. Diagnosis
C. Planning
D. Implementation
CORRECT ANSWER: D
RATIONALE: Implementation is the fourth step of the nursing
process, where the nurse performs the planned interventions,
including administering medications. Assessment involves data
collection. Diagnosis identifies the problem. Planning involves
developing the care plan.
