AORN PERIOP 101 FINAL COMPLETE STUDY
GUIDE WITH SOLVED QUESTIONS
◉ The American Society of Anesthesiologist's NPO Guidelines.
Answer: • Clear liquids - stop 2 hours before surgery
• Breast milk - stop 4 hours before surgery
• Infant formula - stop 6 hours before surgery
• Light meal (toast & a clear liquid) - stop 6 hours before surgery
• Fried foods, fatty foods, meat - stop 8 hours before surgery
◉ Circulator RN duties during Induction of anesthesia and assisting
anesthesia professional with Cricoid Pressure.
Answer: • Cricoid pressure application is not released until the
endotracheal (ET) tube cuff is inflated, tube placement is confirmed,
and anesthesia provider has given a verbal confirmation to the nurse
that the cricoid pressure can be released.
• If intubation or ventilation of the patient becomes difficult, the
perioperative nurse should retrieve additional airway equipment
and supplies.
◉ General anesthesia.
Answer: • A drug-induced reversible state of unconsciousness
,• Results in amnesia, analgesia, and loss of responsiveness,
decreased stress response, and loss of skeletal muscle reflexes to a
varying degree
◉ Regional anesthesia.
Answer: • An injection of local anesthetics near nerve fibers that
causes reversible loss of sensation over an area of the body
• Examples include spinal, epidural, and peripheral nerve blocks.
◉ Monitored anesthesia care (MAC).
Answer: An anesthesia provider monitors the patient, administers
sedatives and other agents as needed, and provides medical services
as required.
◉ Moderate sedation.
Answer: • The administration of sedative, analgesic, and/or
anxiolytic agents by a physician or by a nurse under physician
supervision
• Depending on state laws and hospital policies, an RN may
administer moderate sedation.
◉ Local anesthesia.
Answer: • The infiltration or topical administration of agents to
anesthetize a part of the body
,• The perioperative nurse provides patient monitoring and
supportive care.
◉ Phases of general anesthesia.
Answer: • Phase I: Induction
o IV medications and inhalational agents are administered by the
anesthesia provider.
• Phase II: Maintenance
o Medications and inhalational agents are administered to keep the
patient anesthetized.
• Phase III: Emergence o At the end of the procedure, the anesthetic
agents are discontinued or reversed to allow the patient to wake up.
◉ Anesthesia Reversal agents: Muscle relaxants:.
Answer: 1. neostigmine
2. edrophonium.
Note: There is no reversal agent for succinylcholine
◉ Anesthesia Reversal agents: Sugammadex:.
Answer: reversal agent for rocuronium, vecuronium, and
pancuronium
, ◉ Anesthesia Reversal agents: Benzodiazepines: Midazolam.
Answer: Flumazenil
◉ Anesthesia Reversal agents: Narcotics: Fentanyl:.
Answer: Naloxone
◉ Patients at Increased Risk for Hypothermia.
Answer: • Older adults
• Infants and children
• Women
• Patients with lower-than-normal body weight
◉ Medical Conditions Associated with Increased Risk for
Hypothermia.
Answer: • Hypothyroidism
• Hypoglycemia
• Burns
• Trauma
• Hypotension
• Congestive heart failure
• Cardiac vessel disease
GUIDE WITH SOLVED QUESTIONS
◉ The American Society of Anesthesiologist's NPO Guidelines.
Answer: • Clear liquids - stop 2 hours before surgery
• Breast milk - stop 4 hours before surgery
• Infant formula - stop 6 hours before surgery
• Light meal (toast & a clear liquid) - stop 6 hours before surgery
• Fried foods, fatty foods, meat - stop 8 hours before surgery
◉ Circulator RN duties during Induction of anesthesia and assisting
anesthesia professional with Cricoid Pressure.
Answer: • Cricoid pressure application is not released until the
endotracheal (ET) tube cuff is inflated, tube placement is confirmed,
and anesthesia provider has given a verbal confirmation to the nurse
that the cricoid pressure can be released.
• If intubation or ventilation of the patient becomes difficult, the
perioperative nurse should retrieve additional airway equipment
and supplies.
◉ General anesthesia.
Answer: • A drug-induced reversible state of unconsciousness
,• Results in amnesia, analgesia, and loss of responsiveness,
decreased stress response, and loss of skeletal muscle reflexes to a
varying degree
◉ Regional anesthesia.
Answer: • An injection of local anesthetics near nerve fibers that
causes reversible loss of sensation over an area of the body
• Examples include spinal, epidural, and peripheral nerve blocks.
◉ Monitored anesthesia care (MAC).
Answer: An anesthesia provider monitors the patient, administers
sedatives and other agents as needed, and provides medical services
as required.
◉ Moderate sedation.
Answer: • The administration of sedative, analgesic, and/or
anxiolytic agents by a physician or by a nurse under physician
supervision
• Depending on state laws and hospital policies, an RN may
administer moderate sedation.
◉ Local anesthesia.
Answer: • The infiltration or topical administration of agents to
anesthetize a part of the body
,• The perioperative nurse provides patient monitoring and
supportive care.
◉ Phases of general anesthesia.
Answer: • Phase I: Induction
o IV medications and inhalational agents are administered by the
anesthesia provider.
• Phase II: Maintenance
o Medications and inhalational agents are administered to keep the
patient anesthetized.
• Phase III: Emergence o At the end of the procedure, the anesthetic
agents are discontinued or reversed to allow the patient to wake up.
◉ Anesthesia Reversal agents: Muscle relaxants:.
Answer: 1. neostigmine
2. edrophonium.
Note: There is no reversal agent for succinylcholine
◉ Anesthesia Reversal agents: Sugammadex:.
Answer: reversal agent for rocuronium, vecuronium, and
pancuronium
, ◉ Anesthesia Reversal agents: Benzodiazepines: Midazolam.
Answer: Flumazenil
◉ Anesthesia Reversal agents: Narcotics: Fentanyl:.
Answer: Naloxone
◉ Patients at Increased Risk for Hypothermia.
Answer: • Older adults
• Infants and children
• Women
• Patients with lower-than-normal body weight
◉ Medical Conditions Associated with Increased Risk for
Hypothermia.
Answer: • Hypothyroidism
• Hypoglycemia
• Burns
• Trauma
• Hypotension
• Congestive heart failure
• Cardiac vessel disease
