NURS 328 Quiz 1 Questions and Correct Answers with Complete
Solution | New Update 2026/27
The PICO (population, intervention, comparison, outcome) framework - (answer)a framework for asking
well-worded questions and searching for evidence
deductive reasoning - (answer)reasoning involves beginning with a theory, developing hypotheses from
that theory, and then collecting and analyzing data to test those hypotheses. This type of reasoning goes
from general to specific
Inductive reasoning - (answer)involves beginning with a set of empirical observations, seeking patterns
in those observations, and then theorizing about those patterns. This type of reasoning goes from
specific to general.
Epistemology - (answer)the philosophy of the nature of knowledge, or how we know what we know.
Ontology - (answer)the philosophy of the nature of reality or being
Paradigm - (answer)describes a particular way of looking at things that encompasses both philosophical
assumptions and the approach taken to guide an inquiry
Quantitative research - (answer)research conducted to investigate questions to be answered using a
rigorous design involving measurement and quantification
Qualitative research - (answer)the research conducted in a holistic and in-depth manner to investigate
phenomena using a flexible design involving narrative/non-numeric data such as interviews or focus
groups
quantitative descriptive terms - (answer)objective, variables, positivism, realism, empiricism, one truth
Qualitative descriptive terms - (answer)subjective, phenomena, constructivism, relativism, naturalism,
multiple truths
,NURS 328 Quiz 1 Questions and Correct Answers with Complete
Solution | New Update 2026/27
Quantitative approach - (answer)based on positivism, experimental, statistical, ontologically = one truth,
one reality
Qualitative approach - (answer)based on interpretivism and constructivism, process and meaning,
ontologically = more than one truth, multiple truths
Hypothesis - (answer)A testable prediction, often implied by a theory
mixed methods research - (answer)uses both quantitative and qualitative techniques, in an effort to
build convincing claims about the relationships between attributes and outcomes
phenomena - (answer)observable facts; subjects of scientific investigation
statistical data - (answer)quantitative information obtained from government agencies, businesses,
research studies, and other entities that collect data for their own or others' use
Textual data - (answer)Documents and/or images which have become recorded without the intervention
of a researcher (e.g. through an interview).
Themes - (answer)Overarching ideas or driving premises of a work.
Variables - (answer)factors that can change in an experiment
dependent variable - (answer)The outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to
manipulations of the independent variable.
independent variable - (answer)The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is
being studied.
, NURS 328 Quiz 1 Questions and Correct Answers with Complete
Solution | New Update 2026/27
quantitative and qualitative studies - (answer)- are different
- the best method is one suited to answering the specific research question.
- one type of study is not better than the other.
Qualitative studies - (answer)tend to involve exploration of concepts or phenomena
Quantitative studies - (answer)tend to involve examination of dependent and independent variables that
are often expressed in a predictive relationship that is called a hypotheses.
the data in qualitative studies - (answer)often expressed as textual or narrative. the results are
sometimes expressed using themes
data in quantitative studies - (answer)often numerical or statistical.
mixed methods research studies - (answer)involves collecting and analyzing both qualitative and
quantitative data to answer the research questions
ANSWER: IV (Independent variable)
The question concerns the effect of the diagnosis (the influence or cause) on teenagers' emotional well-
being (the outcome or effect). - (answer)What effect does a cancer diagnosis have on a teenager's
emotional well-being?
ANSWER: DV (Dependent variable)
The question concerns the effect of the relaxation intervention (the cause or influence) on surgical
patients' pain levels (the outcome or effect). - (answer)2. Among patients undergoing abdominal surgery,
does a relaxation intervention reduce pain levels?
ANSWER: DV (Dependent variable)
Solution | New Update 2026/27
The PICO (population, intervention, comparison, outcome) framework - (answer)a framework for asking
well-worded questions and searching for evidence
deductive reasoning - (answer)reasoning involves beginning with a theory, developing hypotheses from
that theory, and then collecting and analyzing data to test those hypotheses. This type of reasoning goes
from general to specific
Inductive reasoning - (answer)involves beginning with a set of empirical observations, seeking patterns
in those observations, and then theorizing about those patterns. This type of reasoning goes from
specific to general.
Epistemology - (answer)the philosophy of the nature of knowledge, or how we know what we know.
Ontology - (answer)the philosophy of the nature of reality or being
Paradigm - (answer)describes a particular way of looking at things that encompasses both philosophical
assumptions and the approach taken to guide an inquiry
Quantitative research - (answer)research conducted to investigate questions to be answered using a
rigorous design involving measurement and quantification
Qualitative research - (answer)the research conducted in a holistic and in-depth manner to investigate
phenomena using a flexible design involving narrative/non-numeric data such as interviews or focus
groups
quantitative descriptive terms - (answer)objective, variables, positivism, realism, empiricism, one truth
Qualitative descriptive terms - (answer)subjective, phenomena, constructivism, relativism, naturalism,
multiple truths
,NURS 328 Quiz 1 Questions and Correct Answers with Complete
Solution | New Update 2026/27
Quantitative approach - (answer)based on positivism, experimental, statistical, ontologically = one truth,
one reality
Qualitative approach - (answer)based on interpretivism and constructivism, process and meaning,
ontologically = more than one truth, multiple truths
Hypothesis - (answer)A testable prediction, often implied by a theory
mixed methods research - (answer)uses both quantitative and qualitative techniques, in an effort to
build convincing claims about the relationships between attributes and outcomes
phenomena - (answer)observable facts; subjects of scientific investigation
statistical data - (answer)quantitative information obtained from government agencies, businesses,
research studies, and other entities that collect data for their own or others' use
Textual data - (answer)Documents and/or images which have become recorded without the intervention
of a researcher (e.g. through an interview).
Themes - (answer)Overarching ideas or driving premises of a work.
Variables - (answer)factors that can change in an experiment
dependent variable - (answer)The outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to
manipulations of the independent variable.
independent variable - (answer)The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is
being studied.
, NURS 328 Quiz 1 Questions and Correct Answers with Complete
Solution | New Update 2026/27
quantitative and qualitative studies - (answer)- are different
- the best method is one suited to answering the specific research question.
- one type of study is not better than the other.
Qualitative studies - (answer)tend to involve exploration of concepts or phenomena
Quantitative studies - (answer)tend to involve examination of dependent and independent variables that
are often expressed in a predictive relationship that is called a hypotheses.
the data in qualitative studies - (answer)often expressed as textual or narrative. the results are
sometimes expressed using themes
data in quantitative studies - (answer)often numerical or statistical.
mixed methods research studies - (answer)involves collecting and analyzing both qualitative and
quantitative data to answer the research questions
ANSWER: IV (Independent variable)
The question concerns the effect of the diagnosis (the influence or cause) on teenagers' emotional well-
being (the outcome or effect). - (answer)What effect does a cancer diagnosis have on a teenager's
emotional well-being?
ANSWER: DV (Dependent variable)
The question concerns the effect of the relaxation intervention (the cause or influence) on surgical
patients' pain levels (the outcome or effect). - (answer)2. Among patients undergoing abdominal surgery,
does a relaxation intervention reduce pain levels?
ANSWER: DV (Dependent variable)
