MANGT 421 ACTUAL FINALS ANSWERS AND
QUESTIONS SET A+
✔✔Idea Generation - ✔✔ideas can come from anywhere; customers, suppliers,
distributors, employees
✔✔Reverse Engineering - ✔✔dismantling and inspecting a competitor's product to
discover product improvements
✔✔R&D - ✔✔organized efforts to increase scientific knowledge or product innovation
- basic research
- applied research
- development
✔✔Robust Design - ✔✔a design that results in products/services that can function over
a broad range of conditions
✔✔Modular Design - ✔✔A form of standardization in which component parts are
grouped into modules that are easily replaced or interchanged
✔✔Modular Design Adv. & Dis. - ✔✔Advantages
▶easier diagnosis and remedy of failures
▶easier repair and replacement
▶simplification of manufacturing and assembly
▶training costs are relatively low
▶Adds flexibility to both production and marketing
Disadvantages
▶Limited number of possible product configurations
▶Limited ability to repair a faulty module; the entire module must often be scrapped
✔✔Standardization - ✔✔Extent to which there is an absence of variety in a product,
service, or process
, ✔✔Standardization Adv. and Dis. - ✔✔Advantages
1.Fewer parts to deal with in inventory and in manufacturing
2.Reduced training costs and time
3.More routine purchasing, handling, and inspection procedures
4.Orders fillable from inventory
5.Opportunities for long production runs and automation
6.Need for fewer parts justifies expenditures on perfecting designs and improving
quality control procedures
Disadvantages
1.Designs may be frozen with too many imperfections remaining.
2.High cost of design changes increases resistance to improvements
3.Decreased variety results in less consumer appeal
✔✔Delayed Differentiation - ✔✔The process of producing, but not quite completing, a
product or service until customer preferences are known
- postponement tactic
✔✔Concurrent engineering - ✔✔bringing engineering design and manufacturing
personnel together early in the design phase
- reflect customer wants as well as manufacturing capabilities
✔✔Production Requirements - ✔✔Designers must take into account production
capabilities: Equipment, Skills, Types of materials, Schedules, Technologies, Special
abilities
✔✔Component Commonality - ✔✔When products have a high degree of similarity in
features and components, a part can be used in multiple products
✔✔computer-aided design (CAD) - ✔✔the use of computers in the design of products
- product quality
- shorter design time
- production cost reductions
- database availability
- new range of capabilities
✔✔Value Analysis - ✔✔examination of the function of parts and materials in an effort to
reduce cost and/or improve product performance
✔✔Cradle-to-Grave - ✔✔Life-Cycle Assessment; assessment of environmental impact
of a product or service throughout its useful life
✔✔End-of-life programs - ✔✔deal with products that have reached the end of their
useful lives (reduce dumping of electronics)
QUESTIONS SET A+
✔✔Idea Generation - ✔✔ideas can come from anywhere; customers, suppliers,
distributors, employees
✔✔Reverse Engineering - ✔✔dismantling and inspecting a competitor's product to
discover product improvements
✔✔R&D - ✔✔organized efforts to increase scientific knowledge or product innovation
- basic research
- applied research
- development
✔✔Robust Design - ✔✔a design that results in products/services that can function over
a broad range of conditions
✔✔Modular Design - ✔✔A form of standardization in which component parts are
grouped into modules that are easily replaced or interchanged
✔✔Modular Design Adv. & Dis. - ✔✔Advantages
▶easier diagnosis and remedy of failures
▶easier repair and replacement
▶simplification of manufacturing and assembly
▶training costs are relatively low
▶Adds flexibility to both production and marketing
Disadvantages
▶Limited number of possible product configurations
▶Limited ability to repair a faulty module; the entire module must often be scrapped
✔✔Standardization - ✔✔Extent to which there is an absence of variety in a product,
service, or process
, ✔✔Standardization Adv. and Dis. - ✔✔Advantages
1.Fewer parts to deal with in inventory and in manufacturing
2.Reduced training costs and time
3.More routine purchasing, handling, and inspection procedures
4.Orders fillable from inventory
5.Opportunities for long production runs and automation
6.Need for fewer parts justifies expenditures on perfecting designs and improving
quality control procedures
Disadvantages
1.Designs may be frozen with too many imperfections remaining.
2.High cost of design changes increases resistance to improvements
3.Decreased variety results in less consumer appeal
✔✔Delayed Differentiation - ✔✔The process of producing, but not quite completing, a
product or service until customer preferences are known
- postponement tactic
✔✔Concurrent engineering - ✔✔bringing engineering design and manufacturing
personnel together early in the design phase
- reflect customer wants as well as manufacturing capabilities
✔✔Production Requirements - ✔✔Designers must take into account production
capabilities: Equipment, Skills, Types of materials, Schedules, Technologies, Special
abilities
✔✔Component Commonality - ✔✔When products have a high degree of similarity in
features and components, a part can be used in multiple products
✔✔computer-aided design (CAD) - ✔✔the use of computers in the design of products
- product quality
- shorter design time
- production cost reductions
- database availability
- new range of capabilities
✔✔Value Analysis - ✔✔examination of the function of parts and materials in an effort to
reduce cost and/or improve product performance
✔✔Cradle-to-Grave - ✔✔Life-Cycle Assessment; assessment of environmental impact
of a product or service throughout its useful life
✔✔End-of-life programs - ✔✔deal with products that have reached the end of their
useful lives (reduce dumping of electronics)
