COPR PCP STUDY EXAMS ANSWERS AND
QUESTIONS SET A+
✔✔Endocarditis - ✔✔inflammation of the inner lining of the heart or valves. can be
caused by bacteria or virus.
✔✔Myocarditis - ✔✔inflammation of the heart muscle resulting from infection either
bacterial or viral
✔✔Pericarditis - ✔✔inflammation of the pericardium, the sac surrounding the heart.
✔✔ACS (acute coronary syndrome) - ✔✔group of conditions caused by decreased
blood flow through the coronary arteries (STEMI, NSTEMI, unstable angina)
✔✔Stable Angina - ✔✔chest pain that occurs when a person is active or under severe
stress. Lasts 15-20min usually and decreases at rest.
S/S: sob, chest pain: crushing, burning, tightness, pressure, radiating pain (radiates w
activity), heavy
✔✔Unstable Angina - ✔✔chest pain that occurs while a person is at rest and not
exerting themselves. Lasts longer than 20min usually. S/S SOB, chest pain :crushing,
burning, tightness, pressure, radiating pain, heavy.
✔✔Prinzmetal Angina - ✔✔Result of intense spasm of a segment of a coronary artery. It
may occur in healthy individuals and patients are usually younger and less risk factors.
Spasm can occur due to:
-cold weather
-stress
-cocaine use
-smoking
-medicines: anti-migraines, chemo, antibiotics
✔✔Myocardial Infarction - ✔✔sudden occlusion of blood flowing through an affected
coronary artery to an area of heart muscle causing ischemia, injury and necrosis.
,S/S:
-SOB
-occurs at rest
-doesn't improve
-shock
-N/V
-lasts 20+min
-pale, cool, clammy
-anxiety
✔✔Atypical presentation of MI? - ✔✔Painless (asymptomatic) much more likely in
diabetics, women, the elderly.
epigastric pain, back pain, weakness, neck- back -jaw pain.
✔✔Pulmonary Edema - ✔✔accumulation of fluid in the lungs, common with L ventricular
failure from an acute MI, inhaled toxins, change in altitude, infections, trauma.
S/S: crackles, pink sputum, coarse sounds, wheezing
✔✔Nitro for pulmonary edema - ✔✔no CP and no Nitro Rx = call med control for orders
no CP but pt HAS Nitro Rx = give Nitro
CP = give Nitro
✔✔Cardiogenic Shock - ✔✔Shock caused by inadequate function of the heart, or pump
failure.
s/s: confused or comatose, altered loc, lethargy, possible stroke, SOB, cold and
clammy, acc. muscle use, sats <90, tachypnea, increased HR, decreased BP,
arrhythmias, MI, delayed cap refill
✔✔CHF (congestive heart failure) - ✔✔condition in which the heart cannot pump
enough blood to the rest of the body L sided usually first followed by R sided failure.
R side: pedal edema pitting, JVD, SOB
L side: SOB, crackles, anxiety and restlessness, tachypnea, tachycardia,
hyper/hypotension, frothy pink sputum
✔✔CHF management - ✔✔high fowlers, O2, NEB, Nitro, CPAP consider ALS
✔✔SALI Sister Leads - ✔✔Septal View V1 - V2
Anterior View V3 - V4
Lateral View V5 - V6 - I - AVL
Inferior View II - III - AVF
✔✔Transcutaneous Pacing - ✔✔External cardiac pacing, ACP treatment for unstable
bradycardia unresponsive to supportive management
, ✔✔Synchronized Cardioversion - ✔✔Used to terminate tachydysrhythmias other than
VF and PULSELESS VT such as SVT
✔✔MAP calculation - ✔✔SBP + 2x DBP divided by 3
✔✔Beck's triad - ✔✔hypotension, JVD, muffled heart sounds; seen in cardiac
tamponade
✔✔How much does your blood volume increase in pregnancy? - ✔✔approx 45%
✔✔How much does your HR increase during pregnancy? - ✔✔10-15 BPM
✔✔During pregnancy does BP and RR increase or decrease? Why? - ✔✔BP decreases
due to the division of blood flow with baby.
RR increases but volume of resps decreases because of limited space for lung
expansion .
✔✔ectopic pregnancy + s/s - ✔✔A pregnancy outside of the womb, usually in a
fallopian tube. Found usually between 6-8 weeks of gestation
s/s: R or L quadrant pain, may/may not know of pregnancy, bleeding, ripping pain.
✔✔Miscarriage/ Spontaneous Abortion + s/s - ✔✔a pregnancy that ends as a result of
natural causes before 20 weeks of gestation
s/s: extreme vaginal bleeding, cramps, passing of fetus
✔✔Placenta Previa + s/s - ✔✔when the placenta has partially or completely covered the
cervix, blocking passage of fetus. happens over time and will cause baby to not receive
O2.
s/s: bright red bleeding, NO pain
✔✔Uterine Rupture - ✔✔A tear in the wall of the uterus. Happens during labour,
commonly if there is a scarred uterus from a previous c -section.
Baby is more at risk than mom.
s/s: abd pain, tearing pain,
✔✔Meconium staining - ✔✔amniotic fluid that is greenish or brownish-yellow rather than
clear as a result of fetal defecation; an indication of possible maternal or fetal distress
during labor. If aspirated by baby can cause inhalation pneumonia.
✔✔Abruptio Placenta + s/s - ✔✔premature separation of the placenta from uterine wall.
s/s: bright red blood, signs of shock, possible history of trauma.
QUESTIONS SET A+
✔✔Endocarditis - ✔✔inflammation of the inner lining of the heart or valves. can be
caused by bacteria or virus.
✔✔Myocarditis - ✔✔inflammation of the heart muscle resulting from infection either
bacterial or viral
✔✔Pericarditis - ✔✔inflammation of the pericardium, the sac surrounding the heart.
✔✔ACS (acute coronary syndrome) - ✔✔group of conditions caused by decreased
blood flow through the coronary arteries (STEMI, NSTEMI, unstable angina)
✔✔Stable Angina - ✔✔chest pain that occurs when a person is active or under severe
stress. Lasts 15-20min usually and decreases at rest.
S/S: sob, chest pain: crushing, burning, tightness, pressure, radiating pain (radiates w
activity), heavy
✔✔Unstable Angina - ✔✔chest pain that occurs while a person is at rest and not
exerting themselves. Lasts longer than 20min usually. S/S SOB, chest pain :crushing,
burning, tightness, pressure, radiating pain, heavy.
✔✔Prinzmetal Angina - ✔✔Result of intense spasm of a segment of a coronary artery. It
may occur in healthy individuals and patients are usually younger and less risk factors.
Spasm can occur due to:
-cold weather
-stress
-cocaine use
-smoking
-medicines: anti-migraines, chemo, antibiotics
✔✔Myocardial Infarction - ✔✔sudden occlusion of blood flowing through an affected
coronary artery to an area of heart muscle causing ischemia, injury and necrosis.
,S/S:
-SOB
-occurs at rest
-doesn't improve
-shock
-N/V
-lasts 20+min
-pale, cool, clammy
-anxiety
✔✔Atypical presentation of MI? - ✔✔Painless (asymptomatic) much more likely in
diabetics, women, the elderly.
epigastric pain, back pain, weakness, neck- back -jaw pain.
✔✔Pulmonary Edema - ✔✔accumulation of fluid in the lungs, common with L ventricular
failure from an acute MI, inhaled toxins, change in altitude, infections, trauma.
S/S: crackles, pink sputum, coarse sounds, wheezing
✔✔Nitro for pulmonary edema - ✔✔no CP and no Nitro Rx = call med control for orders
no CP but pt HAS Nitro Rx = give Nitro
CP = give Nitro
✔✔Cardiogenic Shock - ✔✔Shock caused by inadequate function of the heart, or pump
failure.
s/s: confused or comatose, altered loc, lethargy, possible stroke, SOB, cold and
clammy, acc. muscle use, sats <90, tachypnea, increased HR, decreased BP,
arrhythmias, MI, delayed cap refill
✔✔CHF (congestive heart failure) - ✔✔condition in which the heart cannot pump
enough blood to the rest of the body L sided usually first followed by R sided failure.
R side: pedal edema pitting, JVD, SOB
L side: SOB, crackles, anxiety and restlessness, tachypnea, tachycardia,
hyper/hypotension, frothy pink sputum
✔✔CHF management - ✔✔high fowlers, O2, NEB, Nitro, CPAP consider ALS
✔✔SALI Sister Leads - ✔✔Septal View V1 - V2
Anterior View V3 - V4
Lateral View V5 - V6 - I - AVL
Inferior View II - III - AVF
✔✔Transcutaneous Pacing - ✔✔External cardiac pacing, ACP treatment for unstable
bradycardia unresponsive to supportive management
, ✔✔Synchronized Cardioversion - ✔✔Used to terminate tachydysrhythmias other than
VF and PULSELESS VT such as SVT
✔✔MAP calculation - ✔✔SBP + 2x DBP divided by 3
✔✔Beck's triad - ✔✔hypotension, JVD, muffled heart sounds; seen in cardiac
tamponade
✔✔How much does your blood volume increase in pregnancy? - ✔✔approx 45%
✔✔How much does your HR increase during pregnancy? - ✔✔10-15 BPM
✔✔During pregnancy does BP and RR increase or decrease? Why? - ✔✔BP decreases
due to the division of blood flow with baby.
RR increases but volume of resps decreases because of limited space for lung
expansion .
✔✔ectopic pregnancy + s/s - ✔✔A pregnancy outside of the womb, usually in a
fallopian tube. Found usually between 6-8 weeks of gestation
s/s: R or L quadrant pain, may/may not know of pregnancy, bleeding, ripping pain.
✔✔Miscarriage/ Spontaneous Abortion + s/s - ✔✔a pregnancy that ends as a result of
natural causes before 20 weeks of gestation
s/s: extreme vaginal bleeding, cramps, passing of fetus
✔✔Placenta Previa + s/s - ✔✔when the placenta has partially or completely covered the
cervix, blocking passage of fetus. happens over time and will cause baby to not receive
O2.
s/s: bright red bleeding, NO pain
✔✔Uterine Rupture - ✔✔A tear in the wall of the uterus. Happens during labour,
commonly if there is a scarred uterus from a previous c -section.
Baby is more at risk than mom.
s/s: abd pain, tearing pain,
✔✔Meconium staining - ✔✔amniotic fluid that is greenish or brownish-yellow rather than
clear as a result of fetal defecation; an indication of possible maternal or fetal distress
during labor. If aspirated by baby can cause inhalation pneumonia.
✔✔Abruptio Placenta + s/s - ✔✔premature separation of the placenta from uterine wall.
s/s: bright red blood, signs of shock, possible history of trauma.
