COPR PCP COMPREHENSIVE ANSWERS AND
QUESTIONS SET A+
✔✔JumpSTART - ✔✔triage for pediatric patients. Used in children <8 or <45kg. Assess
A (patent?) B (RR 15-45?) C (distal pulse present?) AVPU (appropriate or inappropriate
for age)
✔✔Triage Special Considerations - ✔✔-Hysterical patients should be moved out of
disaster site, even if not seriously injured.
-If a rescuer becomes sick or injured they should be handled as immediate and be
transported off the site asap to avoid negative effect on morale.
-hazardous materials and weapons of mass destruction incidents force the hazardous
material team to identify patients as contaminated or decontaminated
✔✔CBRNE - ✔✔Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, Explosive incident. unlike
accidental hazardous incidents these are intentional and terrorist in nature. Chosen due
to easy availability, cheap to construct and difficult to detect in screening.
✔✔What are the common targets for CBRNE attacks? - ✔✔Usually chosen based on
terrorist group motives and for their impact on people such as government houses,
military, transportation facilities or religious location
✔✔How to identify a chemical attack? - ✔✔-fogs or clouds with an unusual odor
-people displaying unusual behaviors, s/s of unexplained illness
-devices/packages abandoned
-unexplained pools of fluid
-dead animals
-explosion
✔✔How to identify a biological attach? - ✔✔difficult to identify due to not having an
odor, invisible and may take hours or days to have an effect.
-groups of ppl with flu or food poisoning-like symptoms
-unscheduled spraying in area
-abandoned spraying devices
,✔✔How to identify a radiological attack? - ✔✔-only high levels of it will cause immediate
effect
-localized burns with no apparent cause
-groups of individuals w n/v or abnormal blood counts and no noted disease cause.
✔✔Chemical Agents - ✔✔Vesicants (blister agents);
Pulmonary Agents (choking agents);
Nerve Agents;
Metabolic Agents (cyanides);
✔✔Vesicants (blister agents) - ✔✔Form burn-like blisters on skin and respiratory tract.
Cause most damage in damp parts of the body such as armpits, groin and respiratory
tract. Skin is the primary route of exposure but if left long enough vapors can enter the
respiratory tract.
E.g : Sulfur, Mustard Lewisite and Phosgene Oxime
S/S:
-skin irritations, burning, reddening
-large blisters
-grey discoloration of skin
-swollen or irritated eyes
-permanent eye injury (including blindness)
-if inhaled: hoarseness, cough, stridor, dyspnea, hemoptysis (coughing blood)
✔✔Pulmonary Agents (choking agents) - ✔✔Cause immediate harm, primary route of
exposure is respiratory, once in the lungs, damage occurs to the tissue and fluid enters
the lungs. Pulmonary Edema + SOB develop.
E.g: Chlorine and Phosgene
S/S:
-burning+ tightness in chest
-hoarseness + stridor due to upper airway constriction
-gasping and coughing
-watery eyes and drooling
✔✔Nerve Agents - ✔✔Deadly toxic substances that attack the central nervous system.
They are organophosphates found in bug spra, pesticide and some industrial chemicals.
E.g: Sarin, Soman, Tabun, V Agent
S/S: DUMBELS
-defecation
-urination
-miosis
-bradycardia
-emesis
-lacrimation
-salivation
, ✔✔Metabolic Agents (cyanide) - ✔✔Affect the body's ability to use O2. Colorless and
smells like almonds, its effects begin at the cellular level and kill within minutes.
E.g: gold/silver mining, photography, plastic processing, lethal injections.
S/S:
-tachycardia
-SOB
-flushed skin
-coma
-seizures
-cardiac arrest
✔✔Biological Agents - ✔✔Difficult to be detected due to diseases caused by them
being similar to common EMS ones. Viruses (require living host), bacteria (do not
require host to live), neurotoxins (most dangerous) produced from plants, marine
animals, moulds and bacteria
E.g:botulin, ricin, toxin, anthrax, bubonic plague
✔✔Radiological/Nuclear Agents - ✔✔Radioactive materials used in medicine killing
germs etc become radioactive waste after and are not always well guarded appealing to
terrorists. Most effective in warm temperatures .Once in the body the radiation source
will irradiate the person from within.
S/S:
-n/v
-dizziness
-internal/external bleeding
-diarrhea
-altered mental status
Being exposed to radiation does not make you radioactive, having debris from a dirty
bomb do and pt needs to be decontaminated before treatment .
✔✔Levels of PPE for Hazmat [4] - ✔✔A - Filly encapsulated, chemical resistant suit with
air supply., protects against liquids, vapor, gases, mists, airborne particles, used in
unknown CBRNE
B - Chemical resistant suit w air supply, not high vapor protection, can be encapsulating
w a hood
C - Contains same hooded garments as B but only uses a purifying respirator.
D - Minimal skin and respiratory protection, consistent w regular uniform + routine
precautions, can only be used in areas where no CRNBE
✔✔Hot Zone - ✔✔where contamination can be present
✔✔Warm Zone - ✔✔where decontamination occurs and requires all of those performing
it to be wearing high level PPE
QUESTIONS SET A+
✔✔JumpSTART - ✔✔triage for pediatric patients. Used in children <8 or <45kg. Assess
A (patent?) B (RR 15-45?) C (distal pulse present?) AVPU (appropriate or inappropriate
for age)
✔✔Triage Special Considerations - ✔✔-Hysterical patients should be moved out of
disaster site, even if not seriously injured.
-If a rescuer becomes sick or injured they should be handled as immediate and be
transported off the site asap to avoid negative effect on morale.
-hazardous materials and weapons of mass destruction incidents force the hazardous
material team to identify patients as contaminated or decontaminated
✔✔CBRNE - ✔✔Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, Explosive incident. unlike
accidental hazardous incidents these are intentional and terrorist in nature. Chosen due
to easy availability, cheap to construct and difficult to detect in screening.
✔✔What are the common targets for CBRNE attacks? - ✔✔Usually chosen based on
terrorist group motives and for their impact on people such as government houses,
military, transportation facilities or religious location
✔✔How to identify a chemical attack? - ✔✔-fogs or clouds with an unusual odor
-people displaying unusual behaviors, s/s of unexplained illness
-devices/packages abandoned
-unexplained pools of fluid
-dead animals
-explosion
✔✔How to identify a biological attach? - ✔✔difficult to identify due to not having an
odor, invisible and may take hours or days to have an effect.
-groups of ppl with flu or food poisoning-like symptoms
-unscheduled spraying in area
-abandoned spraying devices
,✔✔How to identify a radiological attack? - ✔✔-only high levels of it will cause immediate
effect
-localized burns with no apparent cause
-groups of individuals w n/v or abnormal blood counts and no noted disease cause.
✔✔Chemical Agents - ✔✔Vesicants (blister agents);
Pulmonary Agents (choking agents);
Nerve Agents;
Metabolic Agents (cyanides);
✔✔Vesicants (blister agents) - ✔✔Form burn-like blisters on skin and respiratory tract.
Cause most damage in damp parts of the body such as armpits, groin and respiratory
tract. Skin is the primary route of exposure but if left long enough vapors can enter the
respiratory tract.
E.g : Sulfur, Mustard Lewisite and Phosgene Oxime
S/S:
-skin irritations, burning, reddening
-large blisters
-grey discoloration of skin
-swollen or irritated eyes
-permanent eye injury (including blindness)
-if inhaled: hoarseness, cough, stridor, dyspnea, hemoptysis (coughing blood)
✔✔Pulmonary Agents (choking agents) - ✔✔Cause immediate harm, primary route of
exposure is respiratory, once in the lungs, damage occurs to the tissue and fluid enters
the lungs. Pulmonary Edema + SOB develop.
E.g: Chlorine and Phosgene
S/S:
-burning+ tightness in chest
-hoarseness + stridor due to upper airway constriction
-gasping and coughing
-watery eyes and drooling
✔✔Nerve Agents - ✔✔Deadly toxic substances that attack the central nervous system.
They are organophosphates found in bug spra, pesticide and some industrial chemicals.
E.g: Sarin, Soman, Tabun, V Agent
S/S: DUMBELS
-defecation
-urination
-miosis
-bradycardia
-emesis
-lacrimation
-salivation
, ✔✔Metabolic Agents (cyanide) - ✔✔Affect the body's ability to use O2. Colorless and
smells like almonds, its effects begin at the cellular level and kill within minutes.
E.g: gold/silver mining, photography, plastic processing, lethal injections.
S/S:
-tachycardia
-SOB
-flushed skin
-coma
-seizures
-cardiac arrest
✔✔Biological Agents - ✔✔Difficult to be detected due to diseases caused by them
being similar to common EMS ones. Viruses (require living host), bacteria (do not
require host to live), neurotoxins (most dangerous) produced from plants, marine
animals, moulds and bacteria
E.g:botulin, ricin, toxin, anthrax, bubonic plague
✔✔Radiological/Nuclear Agents - ✔✔Radioactive materials used in medicine killing
germs etc become radioactive waste after and are not always well guarded appealing to
terrorists. Most effective in warm temperatures .Once in the body the radiation source
will irradiate the person from within.
S/S:
-n/v
-dizziness
-internal/external bleeding
-diarrhea
-altered mental status
Being exposed to radiation does not make you radioactive, having debris from a dirty
bomb do and pt needs to be decontaminated before treatment .
✔✔Levels of PPE for Hazmat [4] - ✔✔A - Filly encapsulated, chemical resistant suit with
air supply., protects against liquids, vapor, gases, mists, airborne particles, used in
unknown CBRNE
B - Chemical resistant suit w air supply, not high vapor protection, can be encapsulating
w a hood
C - Contains same hooded garments as B but only uses a purifying respirator.
D - Minimal skin and respiratory protection, consistent w regular uniform + routine
precautions, can only be used in areas where no CRNBE
✔✔Hot Zone - ✔✔where contamination can be present
✔✔Warm Zone - ✔✔where decontamination occurs and requires all of those performing
it to be wearing high level PPE
