NUR 529 Pathophysiology Mid-Term Exam QUESTIONS With
Accurate Answers 100% Guarantee Pass 2026/2027
1. What does a rightward shift in the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve
indicate?
Higher pH levels in the blood
Increased carbon dioxide levels in the blood
Decreased affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen
Increased affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen
2. Describe the significance of antibody production by B cells in the immune
response.
B cells only function in the presence of T cells.
Antibody production by B cells is crucial for identifying and
neutralizing pathogens.
B cells primarily kill infected cells directly.
B cells are responsible for producing hormones.
3. Because Huntington's disease is an _____ disorder, having a parent with HD
gives each child a 50% chance of inheriting HD.
autosomal dominant
autosomal recessive
sex-linked dominant
sex-linked recessive
,4. During an acute coronary event, what biomarker is indicative of myocardial
damage and is used in diagnosis?
C-reactive protein
Troponin
Hemoglobin A1c
Serum electrolytes
5. Cholesterol is an important part of what human cell structure?
DNA
cell membrane
nerve axon tail
nucleus
6. Which person is MOST at risk for developing a pulmonary embolism?
42-year-old with a broken arm
67-year-old with DVT in the femoral vein
25-year-old with asthma
28-year-old who is immobilized for 1 week
7. In a clinical scenario where macrophage activity is impaired, which of the
following consequences might be expected regarding inflammatory
responses?
Increased production of antibodies
Enhanced phagocytosis of pathogens
Decreased levels of tumor necrosis factor-α
, Reduced inflammatory response
8. Which of the following would be considered a primary immunodeficiency
disease?
Superantigens that overwhelm the immune system
Immunosuppression associated with stress
Immunosuppression associated with an HIV infection
A genetic defect causing a lack of functional T and B cells
Bacterial pathogens that suppress proteins necessary for the immune
response
9. Describe the role of mitochondria in cellular metabolism.
Mitochondria are responsible for ATP production through cellular
respiration.
Mitochondria are involved in the detoxification of the cell.
Mitochondria synthesize proteins for cell structure.
Mitochondria store genetic information.
10. Describe the relationship between chronic pulmonary hypertension and
right heart failure.
Chronic pulmonary hypertension has no significant impact on heart
function.
Chronic pulmonary hypertension increases pressure in the
pulmonary arteries, leading to strain on the right side of the heart,
which can result in right heart failure.
Chronic pulmonary hypertension primarily affects the left side of the
heart, leading to left heart failure.
, Chronic pulmonary hypertension decreases blood flow to the lungs,
causing respiratory acidosis.
11. What organ secretes erythropoietin?
Lungs
Liver
Bone Marrow
Kidneys
12. Macrophages secrete which cytokines?
IL-1, IL-6, IL-8
TNF-alpha
TGF-beta
All of the above
13. Describe how hypertrophy serves as an adaptive response of the heart to
hypertension.
Hypertrophy is a process that results in the transformation of heart
cells into different types.
Hypertrophy allows the heart muscle to increase in size and
strength to manage the increased workload caused by high blood
pressure.
Hypertrophy causes the heart to become more prone to diseases.
Hypertrophy leads to a decrease in heart size, making it less
effective.
Accurate Answers 100% Guarantee Pass 2026/2027
1. What does a rightward shift in the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve
indicate?
Higher pH levels in the blood
Increased carbon dioxide levels in the blood
Decreased affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen
Increased affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen
2. Describe the significance of antibody production by B cells in the immune
response.
B cells only function in the presence of T cells.
Antibody production by B cells is crucial for identifying and
neutralizing pathogens.
B cells primarily kill infected cells directly.
B cells are responsible for producing hormones.
3. Because Huntington's disease is an _____ disorder, having a parent with HD
gives each child a 50% chance of inheriting HD.
autosomal dominant
autosomal recessive
sex-linked dominant
sex-linked recessive
,4. During an acute coronary event, what biomarker is indicative of myocardial
damage and is used in diagnosis?
C-reactive protein
Troponin
Hemoglobin A1c
Serum electrolytes
5. Cholesterol is an important part of what human cell structure?
DNA
cell membrane
nerve axon tail
nucleus
6. Which person is MOST at risk for developing a pulmonary embolism?
42-year-old with a broken arm
67-year-old with DVT in the femoral vein
25-year-old with asthma
28-year-old who is immobilized for 1 week
7. In a clinical scenario where macrophage activity is impaired, which of the
following consequences might be expected regarding inflammatory
responses?
Increased production of antibodies
Enhanced phagocytosis of pathogens
Decreased levels of tumor necrosis factor-α
, Reduced inflammatory response
8. Which of the following would be considered a primary immunodeficiency
disease?
Superantigens that overwhelm the immune system
Immunosuppression associated with stress
Immunosuppression associated with an HIV infection
A genetic defect causing a lack of functional T and B cells
Bacterial pathogens that suppress proteins necessary for the immune
response
9. Describe the role of mitochondria in cellular metabolism.
Mitochondria are responsible for ATP production through cellular
respiration.
Mitochondria are involved in the detoxification of the cell.
Mitochondria synthesize proteins for cell structure.
Mitochondria store genetic information.
10. Describe the relationship between chronic pulmonary hypertension and
right heart failure.
Chronic pulmonary hypertension has no significant impact on heart
function.
Chronic pulmonary hypertension increases pressure in the
pulmonary arteries, leading to strain on the right side of the heart,
which can result in right heart failure.
Chronic pulmonary hypertension primarily affects the left side of the
heart, leading to left heart failure.
, Chronic pulmonary hypertension decreases blood flow to the lungs,
causing respiratory acidosis.
11. What organ secretes erythropoietin?
Lungs
Liver
Bone Marrow
Kidneys
12. Macrophages secrete which cytokines?
IL-1, IL-6, IL-8
TNF-alpha
TGF-beta
All of the above
13. Describe how hypertrophy serves as an adaptive response of the heart to
hypertension.
Hypertrophy is a process that results in the transformation of heart
cells into different types.
Hypertrophy allows the heart muscle to increase in size and
strength to manage the increased workload caused by high blood
pressure.
Hypertrophy causes the heart to become more prone to diseases.
Hypertrophy leads to a decrease in heart size, making it less
effective.
