BIO 202 EXAM 1 ACTUAL TEST QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS COMPLETE REVIEW
◉ Vertical Evolution.
Answer: A process in which species evolve from pre-existing species
by the accumulation of mutations.
◉ Horizontal Gene Transfer.
Answer: The transfer of genes from one genome to another through
mechanisms such as transposable elements, plasmid exchange, viral
activity, and perhaps fusions of different organisms.
◉ Homologous Genes.
Answer: two genes derived from the same ancestral gene
◉ Gene Family.
Answer: two or more different genes within a single species that are
homologous to each other because they were derived from the same
ancestral gene
◉ Paralogs.
Answer: Genes within the same species that arose from duplication.
,◉ Charles Darwin.
Answer: English naturalist. He studied the plants and animals of
South America and the Pacific islands, and in his book On the Origin
of Species by Means of Natural Selection (1859) set forth his theory
of evolution.
◉ Alfred Russel Wallace.
Answer: scientist who came up with a theory of evolution by means
of natural selection at the same time that Darwin was developing his
theory
◉ Initial Discoveries Leading to Evolution.
Answer: • Fossils showing gradual change.
• Biogeography (island species resemble mainland species).
• Artificial selection showing traits can change.
• Comparative anatomy (homologous structures).
• Observations from Darwin's voyage on the HMS Beagle
◉ Key Components of Natural Selection: Variation.
Answer: Individuals differ in traits
Ex: Some beetles are brown, some green
, ◉ Key Components of Natural Selection: Heritability.
Answer: Traits passed to offspring
Ex: Brown color is genetic
◉ Key Components of Natural Selection:Overproduction.
Answer: More offspring than can survive
EX: Beetles lay many eggs
◉ Key Components of Natural Selection:Differential Survival.
Answer: Best traits survive & reproduce
EX:Brown beetles blend in → survive more
◉ Five Pieces of Evidence for Evolution.
Answer: 1. Fossils — Transitional fossils like Tiktaalik.
2. Biogeography — Darwin's finches.
3. Homology — Human arm, bat wing, whale flipper.
4. Convergent Evolution — Sharks and dolphins.
5. Molecular Biology — DNA similarities between species.
AND CORRECT ANSWERS COMPLETE REVIEW
◉ Vertical Evolution.
Answer: A process in which species evolve from pre-existing species
by the accumulation of mutations.
◉ Horizontal Gene Transfer.
Answer: The transfer of genes from one genome to another through
mechanisms such as transposable elements, plasmid exchange, viral
activity, and perhaps fusions of different organisms.
◉ Homologous Genes.
Answer: two genes derived from the same ancestral gene
◉ Gene Family.
Answer: two or more different genes within a single species that are
homologous to each other because they were derived from the same
ancestral gene
◉ Paralogs.
Answer: Genes within the same species that arose from duplication.
,◉ Charles Darwin.
Answer: English naturalist. He studied the plants and animals of
South America and the Pacific islands, and in his book On the Origin
of Species by Means of Natural Selection (1859) set forth his theory
of evolution.
◉ Alfred Russel Wallace.
Answer: scientist who came up with a theory of evolution by means
of natural selection at the same time that Darwin was developing his
theory
◉ Initial Discoveries Leading to Evolution.
Answer: • Fossils showing gradual change.
• Biogeography (island species resemble mainland species).
• Artificial selection showing traits can change.
• Comparative anatomy (homologous structures).
• Observations from Darwin's voyage on the HMS Beagle
◉ Key Components of Natural Selection: Variation.
Answer: Individuals differ in traits
Ex: Some beetles are brown, some green
, ◉ Key Components of Natural Selection: Heritability.
Answer: Traits passed to offspring
Ex: Brown color is genetic
◉ Key Components of Natural Selection:Overproduction.
Answer: More offspring than can survive
EX: Beetles lay many eggs
◉ Key Components of Natural Selection:Differential Survival.
Answer: Best traits survive & reproduce
EX:Brown beetles blend in → survive more
◉ Five Pieces of Evidence for Evolution.
Answer: 1. Fossils — Transitional fossils like Tiktaalik.
2. Biogeography — Darwin's finches.
3. Homology — Human arm, bat wing, whale flipper.
4. Convergent Evolution — Sharks and dolphins.
5. Molecular Biology — DNA similarities between species.
