BIO 182 EXAM 2 COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
◉ From lecture 3.1: Why did Darwin himself collect a range of
pigeon breeds and communicate closely with pigeon breeders?
Answer: Darwin was interested in the question of artificial selection
and how it might be similar to natural selection in its effects.
◉ From module 3.2a and 3.2b: Which researcher scooped Darwin by
independently developing his own take on evolution by natural
selection? This forced Darwin to publish his ideas much sooner than
he had planned.
Answer: Alfred Russel Wallace
◉ From lecture 3.2. Which of the following issues raised by Darwin's
book continue to resonate today?
Answer: It is still an ongoing discussion as societies attempt to
reconcile religious belief with the ideas of Darwin and Wallace.
Evolutionary theory is still a useful science that continues to
develop.
Geological records and fossil data continue to add depth to our
understanding.
,◉ From lecture 3.3 (Evolution as a practical idea): Which of the
following below are examples of evolution relevant to human
health and agriculture?
Answer: The spread of antibiotic bacteria through overuse of
antibiotics
The advance of metastatic cancer (resistance to chemotherapy)
within an individual
The development and spread of infectious viruses
The appearance and challenge of 'super weeds' - plants that
herbicides cannot contain
The development of resistance in insects to insecticide chemicals
◉ From lecture 3.3 (including the lab tour of the Huijben lab): Which
of the following are evolutionary challenges represented by the
infectious disease malaria?
Answer: Mosquitoes (the vector by which malaria spreads) evolve
resistance against insecticide.
The malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, has evolved
resistance to anti-malaria drugs.
◉ Population Genetics
Answer: Field of biology that examines the causes and consequences
of genetic variation within a population
,◉ Mutation and Recombination
Answer: The two main sources of genetic variability in a population.
◉ Genetic Polymorphism
Answer: When within a population, a single gene has more than one
allele
◉ Genetic Drift
Answer: Allele frequency change over time due to random
fluctuations
◉ Natural Selection
Answer: If genotypes have unequal fitness, then allele frequencies
will change over time. This process was first described by Charles
Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace.
◉ Migration
Answer: Movement between populations by individuals - resulting
in changes in allele frequency
◉ Mutation
Answer: Changes in the genetic code (between generations) that
result from alterations to DNA.
, ◉ Hardy-Weinburg Equilibrium
Answer: A state of equilibrium in allele frequencies - in
circumstances with no migration, mutation, natural selection, or
genetic drift. Starting point for an examination of a population's
population genetics.
◉ Founder Effect
Answer: A case of genetic drift - where a small random sampling of
isolated individuals starts a new population.
◉ From lecture 3.4: For a population with the following genotype
breakdown:
AA Aa aa
20 10 10
What would the genotype frequencies be?
Answer: AA = 0.50, Aa = 0.25, aa = 0.25
◉ From lecture 3.4:
For a population with the following genotype breakdown:
AA Aa aa
20 10 10
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
◉ From lecture 3.1: Why did Darwin himself collect a range of
pigeon breeds and communicate closely with pigeon breeders?
Answer: Darwin was interested in the question of artificial selection
and how it might be similar to natural selection in its effects.
◉ From module 3.2a and 3.2b: Which researcher scooped Darwin by
independently developing his own take on evolution by natural
selection? This forced Darwin to publish his ideas much sooner than
he had planned.
Answer: Alfred Russel Wallace
◉ From lecture 3.2. Which of the following issues raised by Darwin's
book continue to resonate today?
Answer: It is still an ongoing discussion as societies attempt to
reconcile religious belief with the ideas of Darwin and Wallace.
Evolutionary theory is still a useful science that continues to
develop.
Geological records and fossil data continue to add depth to our
understanding.
,◉ From lecture 3.3 (Evolution as a practical idea): Which of the
following below are examples of evolution relevant to human
health and agriculture?
Answer: The spread of antibiotic bacteria through overuse of
antibiotics
The advance of metastatic cancer (resistance to chemotherapy)
within an individual
The development and spread of infectious viruses
The appearance and challenge of 'super weeds' - plants that
herbicides cannot contain
The development of resistance in insects to insecticide chemicals
◉ From lecture 3.3 (including the lab tour of the Huijben lab): Which
of the following are evolutionary challenges represented by the
infectious disease malaria?
Answer: Mosquitoes (the vector by which malaria spreads) evolve
resistance against insecticide.
The malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, has evolved
resistance to anti-malaria drugs.
◉ Population Genetics
Answer: Field of biology that examines the causes and consequences
of genetic variation within a population
,◉ Mutation and Recombination
Answer: The two main sources of genetic variability in a population.
◉ Genetic Polymorphism
Answer: When within a population, a single gene has more than one
allele
◉ Genetic Drift
Answer: Allele frequency change over time due to random
fluctuations
◉ Natural Selection
Answer: If genotypes have unequal fitness, then allele frequencies
will change over time. This process was first described by Charles
Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace.
◉ Migration
Answer: Movement between populations by individuals - resulting
in changes in allele frequency
◉ Mutation
Answer: Changes in the genetic code (between generations) that
result from alterations to DNA.
, ◉ Hardy-Weinburg Equilibrium
Answer: A state of equilibrium in allele frequencies - in
circumstances with no migration, mutation, natural selection, or
genetic drift. Starting point for an examination of a population's
population genetics.
◉ Founder Effect
Answer: A case of genetic drift - where a small random sampling of
isolated individuals starts a new population.
◉ From lecture 3.4: For a population with the following genotype
breakdown:
AA Aa aa
20 10 10
What would the genotype frequencies be?
Answer: AA = 0.50, Aa = 0.25, aa = 0.25
◉ From lecture 3.4:
For a population with the following genotype breakdown:
AA Aa aa
20 10 10
