NUR 529 EXAM 1 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM REVIEW
2026/2027 | UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA | HIGH-YIELD PRACTICE
QUESTIONS | VERIFIED ANSWERS| COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE
1. If a person is exposed to prolonged high temperatures without adequate
hydration, what potential health issue could arise due to the body's
physiological responses?
Hypothermia
Heat exhaustion
Hyperglycemia
Dehydration
2. Autosomal recessive inheritance patterns are when...
Neither parent is a carrier
Both parents are carriers
Neither parent has the condition
Both parents have the condition
3. Anaplasia refers to
atypical mitosis
lack of cellular differentiation
tendency to develop necrosis
uncontrolled cell growth
4. Describe the characteristics of paracrine signaling and how it differs from
endocrine signaling.
, Paracrine signaling is a type of direct cell-to-cell contact, while
endocrine signaling involves no direct contact.
Paracrine signaling involves local chemical mediators that affect
nearby cells, while endocrine signaling involves hormones that
travel through the bloodstream to distant targets.
Paracrine signaling is slower and affects distant cells, while endocrine
signaling is rapid and local.
Paracrine signaling only occurs in the nervous system, while
endocrine signaling occurs throughout the body.
5. If a patient has chronic inflammation due to a long-term infection, what
cellular change might you expect to observe in their tissue samples?
Hypertrophy
Atrophy
Dysplasia
Necrosis
6. What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes active transport from
passive transport?
Active transport involves the movement of water only.
Active transport requires energy input.
Active transport does not involve any proteins.
Active transport occurs along the concentration gradient.
7. The calcium and phosphate balance is influenced by which three
substances?
Thyroid hormone, vasopressin, and vitamin A
, Thyroid hormone, calcitonin, and vitamin A
Parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, and vitamin D
Parathyroid hormone, vasopressin, and vitamin D
8. Describe how the sodium-potassium ATPase pump contributes to maintaining
cellular homeostasis.
The sodium-potassium ATPase pump is responsible for protein
synthesis.
The sodium-potassium ATPase pump generates ATP for energy
production.
The sodium-potassium ATPase pump facilitates the transport of
glucose into the cell.
The sodium-potassium ATPase pump helps maintain cellular
homeostasis by regulating ion concentrations, specifically by
pumping sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell.
9. Describe how calcium and phosphate balance is maintained in the body.
Calcium and phosphate balance is solely dependent on kidney
function.
Calcium and phosphate balance is influenced only by dietary sources.
Calcium and phosphate balance is maintained through hormonal
regulation and dietary intake.
Calcium and phosphate balance is regulated by muscle contraction.
10. If a cell's peroxisomes are malfunctioning, what physiological effect might
this have on the cell's health?
Enhanced energy production from ATP.
, Decreased nutrient absorption.
Improved cellular communication.
Increased oxidative stress due to the accumulation of hydrogen
peroxide.
11. Metaplasia involves
Increase in cell number
Change from one adult cell type to another cell type
Increase in cell size
Delayed mitosis
12. What is the primary structure that maintains the shape and internal
organization of a cell?
Cell membrane
Cytoskeleton
Mitochondria
Nucleus
13. The nurse taps the patient's cheek on the area marked by the X (shown in the
image). What did the nurse check?
Battle's sign and sodium level
Homan's sign and sodium level
Trousseau's sign and calcium level
Chvostek's sign and calcium level
2026/2027 | UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA | HIGH-YIELD PRACTICE
QUESTIONS | VERIFIED ANSWERS| COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE
1. If a person is exposed to prolonged high temperatures without adequate
hydration, what potential health issue could arise due to the body's
physiological responses?
Hypothermia
Heat exhaustion
Hyperglycemia
Dehydration
2. Autosomal recessive inheritance patterns are when...
Neither parent is a carrier
Both parents are carriers
Neither parent has the condition
Both parents have the condition
3. Anaplasia refers to
atypical mitosis
lack of cellular differentiation
tendency to develop necrosis
uncontrolled cell growth
4. Describe the characteristics of paracrine signaling and how it differs from
endocrine signaling.
, Paracrine signaling is a type of direct cell-to-cell contact, while
endocrine signaling involves no direct contact.
Paracrine signaling involves local chemical mediators that affect
nearby cells, while endocrine signaling involves hormones that
travel through the bloodstream to distant targets.
Paracrine signaling is slower and affects distant cells, while endocrine
signaling is rapid and local.
Paracrine signaling only occurs in the nervous system, while
endocrine signaling occurs throughout the body.
5. If a patient has chronic inflammation due to a long-term infection, what
cellular change might you expect to observe in their tissue samples?
Hypertrophy
Atrophy
Dysplasia
Necrosis
6. What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes active transport from
passive transport?
Active transport involves the movement of water only.
Active transport requires energy input.
Active transport does not involve any proteins.
Active transport occurs along the concentration gradient.
7. The calcium and phosphate balance is influenced by which three
substances?
Thyroid hormone, vasopressin, and vitamin A
, Thyroid hormone, calcitonin, and vitamin A
Parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, and vitamin D
Parathyroid hormone, vasopressin, and vitamin D
8. Describe how the sodium-potassium ATPase pump contributes to maintaining
cellular homeostasis.
The sodium-potassium ATPase pump is responsible for protein
synthesis.
The sodium-potassium ATPase pump generates ATP for energy
production.
The sodium-potassium ATPase pump facilitates the transport of
glucose into the cell.
The sodium-potassium ATPase pump helps maintain cellular
homeostasis by regulating ion concentrations, specifically by
pumping sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell.
9. Describe how calcium and phosphate balance is maintained in the body.
Calcium and phosphate balance is solely dependent on kidney
function.
Calcium and phosphate balance is influenced only by dietary sources.
Calcium and phosphate balance is maintained through hormonal
regulation and dietary intake.
Calcium and phosphate balance is regulated by muscle contraction.
10. If a cell's peroxisomes are malfunctioning, what physiological effect might
this have on the cell's health?
Enhanced energy production from ATP.
, Decreased nutrient absorption.
Improved cellular communication.
Increased oxidative stress due to the accumulation of hydrogen
peroxide.
11. Metaplasia involves
Increase in cell number
Change from one adult cell type to another cell type
Increase in cell size
Delayed mitosis
12. What is the primary structure that maintains the shape and internal
organization of a cell?
Cell membrane
Cytoskeleton
Mitochondria
Nucleus
13. The nurse taps the patient's cheek on the area marked by the X (shown in the
image). What did the nurse check?
Battle's sign and sodium level
Homan's sign and sodium level
Trousseau's sign and calcium level
Chvostek's sign and calcium level
