PCB 3063-Test Bank for Chapter 8: Chromosome Variation

PCB 3063-Test Bank for Chapter 8: Chromosome Variation Multiple-Choice Questions 1. The centromere is located approximately in the middle of which type of chromosome? a. Acrocentric b. Metacentric c. Paracentric d. Submetacentric e. Telocentric Answer: b Section 8.1 Comprehension 2. Which type of chromosome has a centromere displaced toward one end, creating a long arm and a short arm? a. Acrocentric b. Metacentric c. Paracentric d. Submetacentric e. Telocentric Answer: d Section 8.1 Comprehension 3. The centromere is near one end, producing a long arm and a knob, in which type of chromosome? a. Acrocentric b. Metacentric c. Paracentric d. Submetacentric e. Telocentric Answer: a Section 8.1 Comprehension 4. The centromere is at or very near the end in which type of chromosome? a. Acrocentric b. Metacentric c. Paracentric d. Submetacentric e. Telocentric Answer: e Section 8.1 Comprehension 5. The complete set of chromosomes possessed by an organism is called a a. polyploid. b. chromatin complement. c. karyotype. d. genotype. e. diploid. Answer: c Section 8.1 Comprehension 6. Which type of chromosome mutation increases the amount of genetic material for all chromosomes? a. Translocation b. Aneuploidy c. Polyploidy d. Inversion e. Transversion Answer: c Section 8.1 Comprehension 7. Which type of chromosome mutation decreases the amount of genetic material for one entire chromosome? a. Translocation b. Aneuploidy c. Polyploidy d. Inversion e. Transversion Answer: b Section 8.1 Comprehension 8. How is colchicine useful for studying chromosomal mutations? a. Colchicine inhibits microtubule polymerization, which stalls cells in metaphase with condensed chromosomes. b. Colchicine induces chromosome condensation during interphase, which allows the visualization of interphase chromosomes. c. Colchicine causes chromosomal breakage, leading to inversions and translocations that can be observed with a microscope. d. Colchicine aids in the formation of microtubules during mitosis, which promotes anaphase and completion of the cell cycle. e. Colchicine is an inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation. Reduced mitochondrial function slows down mitosis and increases the number of metaphase cells. Answer: a Section 8.1 Application 9. ___________ can cause genes to move from one linkage group to another. a. Inversions b. Deletions c. Polyploidy d. Translocations e. Unequal crossing over Answer: d Section 8.2 Comprehension 10. Which of the following is not a rearrangement that causes chromosomal mutations? a. Deletion b. Duplication c. Inversion d. Translocation e. Transversion Answer: e Section 8.2 Comprehension 11. Which type of chromosome mutation decreases the amount of genetic material? a. Deletion b. Duplication c