ANATOMY 260 TIPS REVIEW ANSWERS AND
QUESTIONS SET A+
the study of how the body functions and mechanisms in the body - ✔✔What is
physiology?
✔✔the study of structures that cannot be seen without magnification - ✔✔What is
microscopic anatomy?
✔✔the study of cells - ✔✔What is cytology?
✔✔the study of tissues - ✔✔What is histology?
✔✔chemical/molecular, cell tissue, organ, organ system, organism - ✔✔What are the
levels of organization? (simple to complex)
✔✔standing with feet flat on the floor, arms at side, and palms facing forward - ✔✔What
is anatomical position?
✔✔lying down, face up - ✔✔What is supine position?
✔✔lying down, face down - ✔✔What is prone position?
✔✔Right upper quadrant (RUQ)
Left upper quadrant (LUQ)
Right lower quadrant (RLQ)
Left lower quadrant (LLQ) - ✔✔What are the 4 abdominopelvic quadrants?
✔✔RUQ : gallbladder
LUQ: stomach
RLQ: appendix
LLQ: intestines - ✔✔What are the main organs in each of the abdominopelvic
quadrants?
,✔✔superior: closer to head
inferior: closer to feet
anterior: closer to front
posterior: closer to back
medial: closer to middle of the body
lateral: closer to sides of the body
superficial: closer to surface
deep: farther from surface
proximal: near
distal: far - ✔✔What are the anatomical directions?
✔✔sagittal cut - ✔✔What cut in sectional anatomy separates left and right?
✔✔midsagittal cut - ✔✔What cut in sectional anatomy separates left and right equally?
✔✔parasagittal cut - ✔✔What cut in sectional anatomy separates left and right
unequally?
✔✔transverse cut - ✔✔What cut in sectional anatomy separates superior and inferior?
✔✔frontal cut - ✔✔What cut in sectional anatomy separates anterior and posterior?
✔✔oblique cut - ✔✔What cut in sectional anatomy separates tissue at an angle?
✔✔the inner portion of the cell - ✔✔What is cytoplasm?
✔✔the fluid inside the cell - ✔✔What is cytosol?
✔✔the outer membrane of the cell - ✔✔What is the plasmalemma(cell membrane,
phospholipid bilayer)?
✔✔nonmembranous and membranous organelles - ✔✔What are the two categories of
organelles?
✔✔cytoskeleton, microvilli, cilia, flagella, and ribosomes - ✔✔What are the
nonmembranous organelles?
✔✔mitochondria, nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and
peroxisomes - ✔✔What are the membranous organelles?
✔✔physical isolation (separating outside and inside of the cell), permeability (regulation
of exchange with the environment), and cell-to-cell communication - ✔✔What are the
functions of the plasmalemma?
, ✔✔vesicles bringing solid particles(bacteria, viruses, foreign matter, and cell debris) into
the cell - ✔✔What is phagocytosis?
✔✔fingerlike projections of the plasmalemma that absorb material from the ECF and
increases surface area - ✔✔What are microvilli and their function?
✔✔fluid outside the cell - ✔✔What is extracellular fluid?
✔✔the stomach and small intestines - ✔✔What parts of the body are microvilli common
in?
✔✔the structural support of the cell that gives it its shape - ✔✔What is the cytoskeleton
and its function?
✔✔producing protein - ✔✔What is the function of the ribosomes?
✔✔free ribosomes: float in the cytoplasm
fixed ribosomes: attached to the endoplasmic reticulum - ✔✔What are the 2 types of
ribosomes and where are they found?
✔✔to produce ATP (energy) - ✔✔What is the function of mitochondria?
"power plant of the cell"
✔✔to contain chromosomes - ✔✔What is the function of the nucleus?
"control center of the cell"
✔✔a network of hollow tubes that synthesizes proteins and non-proteins - ✔✔What are
endoplasmic reticulum and their functions?
✔✔to modify, sort, and package proteins - ✔✔What is the function of the golgi
apparatus?
"packing crew of the cell"
✔✔to destroy ingested particles and recycle damaged organelles - ✔✔What is the
function of lysosomes?
"wrecking crew of the cell"
✔✔rough endoplasmic reticulum: with ribosomes and synthesizes proteins
smooth endoplasmic reticulum: without ribosomes and synthesizes non-proteins: lipids,
steroids, and carbohydrates - ✔✔What are the two types of endoplasmic reticulum and
what are their functions?
✔✔to convert hydrogen peroxide to water and oxidants - ✔✔What is the function of
peroxisomes?
QUESTIONS SET A+
the study of how the body functions and mechanisms in the body - ✔✔What is
physiology?
✔✔the study of structures that cannot be seen without magnification - ✔✔What is
microscopic anatomy?
✔✔the study of cells - ✔✔What is cytology?
✔✔the study of tissues - ✔✔What is histology?
✔✔chemical/molecular, cell tissue, organ, organ system, organism - ✔✔What are the
levels of organization? (simple to complex)
✔✔standing with feet flat on the floor, arms at side, and palms facing forward - ✔✔What
is anatomical position?
✔✔lying down, face up - ✔✔What is supine position?
✔✔lying down, face down - ✔✔What is prone position?
✔✔Right upper quadrant (RUQ)
Left upper quadrant (LUQ)
Right lower quadrant (RLQ)
Left lower quadrant (LLQ) - ✔✔What are the 4 abdominopelvic quadrants?
✔✔RUQ : gallbladder
LUQ: stomach
RLQ: appendix
LLQ: intestines - ✔✔What are the main organs in each of the abdominopelvic
quadrants?
,✔✔superior: closer to head
inferior: closer to feet
anterior: closer to front
posterior: closer to back
medial: closer to middle of the body
lateral: closer to sides of the body
superficial: closer to surface
deep: farther from surface
proximal: near
distal: far - ✔✔What are the anatomical directions?
✔✔sagittal cut - ✔✔What cut in sectional anatomy separates left and right?
✔✔midsagittal cut - ✔✔What cut in sectional anatomy separates left and right equally?
✔✔parasagittal cut - ✔✔What cut in sectional anatomy separates left and right
unequally?
✔✔transverse cut - ✔✔What cut in sectional anatomy separates superior and inferior?
✔✔frontal cut - ✔✔What cut in sectional anatomy separates anterior and posterior?
✔✔oblique cut - ✔✔What cut in sectional anatomy separates tissue at an angle?
✔✔the inner portion of the cell - ✔✔What is cytoplasm?
✔✔the fluid inside the cell - ✔✔What is cytosol?
✔✔the outer membrane of the cell - ✔✔What is the plasmalemma(cell membrane,
phospholipid bilayer)?
✔✔nonmembranous and membranous organelles - ✔✔What are the two categories of
organelles?
✔✔cytoskeleton, microvilli, cilia, flagella, and ribosomes - ✔✔What are the
nonmembranous organelles?
✔✔mitochondria, nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and
peroxisomes - ✔✔What are the membranous organelles?
✔✔physical isolation (separating outside and inside of the cell), permeability (regulation
of exchange with the environment), and cell-to-cell communication - ✔✔What are the
functions of the plasmalemma?
, ✔✔vesicles bringing solid particles(bacteria, viruses, foreign matter, and cell debris) into
the cell - ✔✔What is phagocytosis?
✔✔fingerlike projections of the plasmalemma that absorb material from the ECF and
increases surface area - ✔✔What are microvilli and their function?
✔✔fluid outside the cell - ✔✔What is extracellular fluid?
✔✔the stomach and small intestines - ✔✔What parts of the body are microvilli common
in?
✔✔the structural support of the cell that gives it its shape - ✔✔What is the cytoskeleton
and its function?
✔✔producing protein - ✔✔What is the function of the ribosomes?
✔✔free ribosomes: float in the cytoplasm
fixed ribosomes: attached to the endoplasmic reticulum - ✔✔What are the 2 types of
ribosomes and where are they found?
✔✔to produce ATP (energy) - ✔✔What is the function of mitochondria?
"power plant of the cell"
✔✔to contain chromosomes - ✔✔What is the function of the nucleus?
"control center of the cell"
✔✔a network of hollow tubes that synthesizes proteins and non-proteins - ✔✔What are
endoplasmic reticulum and their functions?
✔✔to modify, sort, and package proteins - ✔✔What is the function of the golgi
apparatus?
"packing crew of the cell"
✔✔to destroy ingested particles and recycle damaged organelles - ✔✔What is the
function of lysosomes?
"wrecking crew of the cell"
✔✔rough endoplasmic reticulum: with ribosomes and synthesizes proteins
smooth endoplasmic reticulum: without ribosomes and synthesizes non-proteins: lipids,
steroids, and carbohydrates - ✔✔What are the two types of endoplasmic reticulum and
what are their functions?
✔✔to convert hydrogen peroxide to water and oxidants - ✔✔What is the function of
peroxisomes?
