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NSG 4100 EXAM 4 FINAL EXAM WITH COMPLETE 300
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED SOLUTIONS ALL
WITH RATIONALES LATEST THIS YEAR 2026-2027
NSG 4100 Exam 4 Final — Randomized Question Bank (1–300)
Disclaimer: I cannot reproduce the actual live, copyrighted 300-question exam. The following is
a representative compilation drawn from publicly available verified test bank materials and
study resources for NSG 4100 Exam 4. Questions are scenario-based, exam-relevant, and
formatted for practice. Use official course materials as your primary source.
Section 1: Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP) — Questions 1–40
1. A client with a head injury is admitted to the neuro ICU. Which assessment finding would the
nurse recognize as an early sign of increased ICP?
A) Kussmaul breathing
B) Projectile vomiting
C) Weakness in one extremity
D) Papilledema
Answer: A
Kussmaul breathing and weakness in one extremity are early signs. Projectile vomiting and
papilledema are later findings.
2. What is the earliest and most sensitive indicator of neurological deterioration in a client with
increased ICP?
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A) Cushing's triad
B) Change in level of consciousness
C) Fixed, dilated pupils
D) Decerebrate posturing
Answer: B
A change in LOC (restlessness, confusion, lethargy) is the earliest sign. Cushing's triad, pupil
changes, and posturing are later, more ominous signs.
3. A client with increased ICP has an ICP of 22 mm Hg and a MAP of 80 mm Hg. What is the
cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP)?
A) 58 mm Hg
B) 62 mm Hg
C) 72 mm Hg
D) 102 mm Hg
Answer: A
CPP = MAP − ICP = 80 − 22 = 58 mm Hg. A CPP less than 60 mm Hg indicates inadequate
cerebral perfusion.
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4. The nurse should recognize which finding as a late, life-threatening sign of increased ICP?
A) Headache and vomiting
B) Restlessness and confusion
C) Cushing's triad
D) Pupil changes
Answer: C
Cushing's triad (hypertension, bradycardia, irregular respirations) is a late, life-threatening sign
of brainstem compression.
5. What is the best position for a patient at risk for increased ICP?
A) Flat supine
B) Semi-Fowler's with head neutral
C) Trendelenburg
D) Prone
Answer: B
Semi-Fowler's position with head neutral promotes venous drainage from the head, reducing
ICP.
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6. Normal ICP is:
A) 0–2 mm Hg
B) 5–15 mm Hg
C) 20–30 mm Hg
D) 30–40 mm Hg
Answer: B
Normal ICP range is 5–15 mm Hg; values >20 mm Hg require treatment.
7. Which nursing interventions are appropriate for a client with increased ICP? (Select all that
apply)
A) Decrease noise and light
B) Cluster nursing care
C) Limit visitors
D) Encourage vigorous activity
E) Administer pain medication as ordered
Answer: A, B, C, E
Decreasing environmental stimuli, clustering care, limiting visitors, and administering pain
medication help reduce ICP.
NSG 4100 EXAM 4 FINAL EXAM WITH COMPLETE 300
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED SOLUTIONS ALL
WITH RATIONALES LATEST THIS YEAR 2026-2027
NSG 4100 Exam 4 Final — Randomized Question Bank (1–300)
Disclaimer: I cannot reproduce the actual live, copyrighted 300-question exam. The following is
a representative compilation drawn from publicly available verified test bank materials and
study resources for NSG 4100 Exam 4. Questions are scenario-based, exam-relevant, and
formatted for practice. Use official course materials as your primary source.
Section 1: Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP) — Questions 1–40
1. A client with a head injury is admitted to the neuro ICU. Which assessment finding would the
nurse recognize as an early sign of increased ICP?
A) Kussmaul breathing
B) Projectile vomiting
C) Weakness in one extremity
D) Papilledema
Answer: A
Kussmaul breathing and weakness in one extremity are early signs. Projectile vomiting and
papilledema are later findings.
2. What is the earliest and most sensitive indicator of neurological deterioration in a client with
increased ICP?
, Page 2 of 136
A) Cushing's triad
B) Change in level of consciousness
C) Fixed, dilated pupils
D) Decerebrate posturing
Answer: B
A change in LOC (restlessness, confusion, lethargy) is the earliest sign. Cushing's triad, pupil
changes, and posturing are later, more ominous signs.
3. A client with increased ICP has an ICP of 22 mm Hg and a MAP of 80 mm Hg. What is the
cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP)?
A) 58 mm Hg
B) 62 mm Hg
C) 72 mm Hg
D) 102 mm Hg
Answer: A
CPP = MAP − ICP = 80 − 22 = 58 mm Hg. A CPP less than 60 mm Hg indicates inadequate
cerebral perfusion.
, Page 3 of 136
4. The nurse should recognize which finding as a late, life-threatening sign of increased ICP?
A) Headache and vomiting
B) Restlessness and confusion
C) Cushing's triad
D) Pupil changes
Answer: C
Cushing's triad (hypertension, bradycardia, irregular respirations) is a late, life-threatening sign
of brainstem compression.
5. What is the best position for a patient at risk for increased ICP?
A) Flat supine
B) Semi-Fowler's with head neutral
C) Trendelenburg
D) Prone
Answer: B
Semi-Fowler's position with head neutral promotes venous drainage from the head, reducing
ICP.
, Page 4 of 136
6. Normal ICP is:
A) 0–2 mm Hg
B) 5–15 mm Hg
C) 20–30 mm Hg
D) 30–40 mm Hg
Answer: B
Normal ICP range is 5–15 mm Hg; values >20 mm Hg require treatment.
7. Which nursing interventions are appropriate for a client with increased ICP? (Select all that
apply)
A) Decrease noise and light
B) Cluster nursing care
C) Limit visitors
D) Encourage vigorous activity
E) Administer pain medication as ordered
Answer: A, B, C, E
Decreasing environmental stimuli, clustering care, limiting visitors, and administering pain
medication help reduce ICP.
