BIO 322 Exam 3 V3 | BIO 322 Applied
Pathophysiology | Actual Q&A with Rationale
(BIO322 Exam 3) | Grand Canyon University
1. A patient presents with polyuria, polydipsia, and unexplained weight loss. Which of the
following findings are consistent with a diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus? (Select All That
Apply)
A. Absolute insulin deficiency due to beta-cell destruction
B. Presence of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) autoantibodies
C. Strong association with obesity and metabolic syndrome
D. Ketosis-prone state during periods of illness
E. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) associations (DR3 and DR4)
F. Hyperinsulinemia resulting from peripheral resistance
Correct Answer: A, B, D, E
Explanation: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is characterized by an autoimmune destruction of
pancreatic beta cells, leading to an absolute insulin deficiency. The presence of
autoantibodies like GAD is a hallmark of the immune-mediated process. Patients are prone
to ketoacidosis and often possess specific HLA genetic markers, unlike Type 2 DM which is
linked to obesity and insulin resistance.
,2. Which clinical manifestation should a nurse expect to find in a patient diagnosed with
SIADH (Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone)?
A. Hyponatremia
B. Serum hyperosmolality
C. Excessive dilute urine output
D. Decreased urine specific gravity
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: SIADH involves the excessive release of ADH, leading to water retention and
dilutional hyponatremia. The kidneys reabsorb excessive water, which results in a high
urine specific gravity and low serum osmolality. This electrolyte imbalance can lead to
cerebral edema and neurological symptoms if not managed promptly.
3. A patient with hyperthyroidism is admitted for a thyroid storm. Which of the following
signs and symptoms support this diagnosis?
A. Bradycardia and hypothermia
B. Hyperthermia, tachycardia, and agitation
C. Constipation and weight gain
D. Hypotension and lethargy
Correct Answer: B
, Explanation: Thyroid storm is a life-threatening health condition that is associated with
untreated or under-treated hyperthyroidism. During a thyroid storm, an individual’s heart
rate, blood pressure, and body temperature can soar to dangerously high levels. Immediate
intervention is required to block thyroid hormone synthesis and manage systemic
symptoms.
4. Which of the following are characteristics of Cushing syndrome? (Select All That Apply)
A. Moon face and buffalo hump
B. Purple striae on the abdomen
C. Hyperkalemia and hyponatremia
D. Truncal obesity with thin extremities
E. Hypoglycemia
Correct Answer: A, B, D
Explanation: Cushing syndrome results from chronic exposure to excess glucocorticoids,
such as cortisol. Clinical features include fat redistribution (moon face, buffalo hump,
truncal obesity) and protein wasting (thin skin, purple striae, muscle weakness).
Electrolyte imbalances typically include hypokalemia and hypernatremia rather than the
opposite.
5. What is the primary pathophysiology behind Grave’s Disease?
A. Destruction of thyroid follicles by T-cells
B. Pituitary adenoma secreting excess TSH
Pathophysiology | Actual Q&A with Rationale
(BIO322 Exam 3) | Grand Canyon University
1. A patient presents with polyuria, polydipsia, and unexplained weight loss. Which of the
following findings are consistent with a diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus? (Select All That
Apply)
A. Absolute insulin deficiency due to beta-cell destruction
B. Presence of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) autoantibodies
C. Strong association with obesity and metabolic syndrome
D. Ketosis-prone state during periods of illness
E. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) associations (DR3 and DR4)
F. Hyperinsulinemia resulting from peripheral resistance
Correct Answer: A, B, D, E
Explanation: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is characterized by an autoimmune destruction of
pancreatic beta cells, leading to an absolute insulin deficiency. The presence of
autoantibodies like GAD is a hallmark of the immune-mediated process. Patients are prone
to ketoacidosis and often possess specific HLA genetic markers, unlike Type 2 DM which is
linked to obesity and insulin resistance.
,2. Which clinical manifestation should a nurse expect to find in a patient diagnosed with
SIADH (Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone)?
A. Hyponatremia
B. Serum hyperosmolality
C. Excessive dilute urine output
D. Decreased urine specific gravity
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: SIADH involves the excessive release of ADH, leading to water retention and
dilutional hyponatremia. The kidneys reabsorb excessive water, which results in a high
urine specific gravity and low serum osmolality. This electrolyte imbalance can lead to
cerebral edema and neurological symptoms if not managed promptly.
3. A patient with hyperthyroidism is admitted for a thyroid storm. Which of the following
signs and symptoms support this diagnosis?
A. Bradycardia and hypothermia
B. Hyperthermia, tachycardia, and agitation
C. Constipation and weight gain
D. Hypotension and lethargy
Correct Answer: B
, Explanation: Thyroid storm is a life-threatening health condition that is associated with
untreated or under-treated hyperthyroidism. During a thyroid storm, an individual’s heart
rate, blood pressure, and body temperature can soar to dangerously high levels. Immediate
intervention is required to block thyroid hormone synthesis and manage systemic
symptoms.
4. Which of the following are characteristics of Cushing syndrome? (Select All That Apply)
A. Moon face and buffalo hump
B. Purple striae on the abdomen
C. Hyperkalemia and hyponatremia
D. Truncal obesity with thin extremities
E. Hypoglycemia
Correct Answer: A, B, D
Explanation: Cushing syndrome results from chronic exposure to excess glucocorticoids,
such as cortisol. Clinical features include fat redistribution (moon face, buffalo hump,
truncal obesity) and protein wasting (thin skin, purple striae, muscle weakness).
Electrolyte imbalances typically include hypokalemia and hypernatremia rather than the
opposite.
5. What is the primary pathophysiology behind Grave’s Disease?
A. Destruction of thyroid follicles by T-cells
B. Pituitary adenoma secreting excess TSH
