Nursing Concepts 1 Final Exam Questions and Answers 2026 | Nursing
Fundamentals Exam Prep & Study Guide
Questionx1:
AxnursexisxcaringxforxaxclientxwithxClostridiumxdifficilex(C.xdiff).xWhichxinfectionxcontrolxmeasuresxshould
xthexnurseximplement?x(Selectxallxthatxapply.)
1.xWashxhandsxwithxsoapxandxwaterxbeforexandxafterxpatientxcontact.
2.xUsexanxalcohol-basedxhandxsanitizerxafterxremovingxgloves.
3.xWearxglovesxandxaxgownxwhenxenteringxthexpatient'sxroom.
4.xPlacexthexpatientxinxaxroomxwithxnegativexairflow.
5.xUsexaxsurgicalxmaskxduringxpatientxcare.x-xcorrectxanswerx ✅CorrectxAnswer:x1,x3
Rationale:xWashingxhandsxwithxsoapxandxwaterxisxessentialxtoxremovexC.xdiffxspores.xGlovesxandxgownsx
arexnecessaryxasxitxisxaxcontactxprecautionxdisease.xAlcohol-
basedxhandxsanitizersxarexineffectivexagainstxC.xdiffxspores.xNegativexairflowxandxsurgicalxmasksxarexnot
xrequiredxforxC.xdiff.
Questionx2:
WhichxofxthexfollowingxnursingxactionsxreflectxadherencextoxthexANAxStandardsxofxNursingxPractice?
1.xChangingxaxpatient'sxpositionxeveryx2xhoursxwithoutxaxphysician'sxorder.
2.xCollaboratingxwithxaxdieticianxtoxcreatexaxpatientxcarexplan.
3.xEnsuringxaxcolleaguexhasxdocumentedxanxadministeredxmedication.
4.xAdjustingxoxygenxflowxratexfromx2xL/minxtox4xL/minxbasedxonxpatientxneeds.x-
xcorrectxanswerx ✅CorrectxAnswer:x1
Rationale:xAutonomy,xasxperxANAxstandards,xallowsxnursesxtoxperformxindependentxinterventionsxlikexr
epositioningxwithoutxaxphysician'sxorder.xAdjustingxoxygenxflowxrequiresxaxprovider'sxorderxunlessxit'sxa
nxemergency.xNursesxmustxdocumentxtheirxactions,xnotxrelyxonxothers.
AxnursexisxprovidingxeducationxtoxaxgroupxaboutxthexBradenxScale.xWhichxstatementxindicatesxundersta
nding?
1.x"AxhigherxBradenxScalexscorexmeansxthexpatientxisxatxhigherxriskxforxpressurexinjuries."
2.x"Itxassessesxthexriskxofxinjuryxduextoxfactorsxlikexsensoryxperception,xmoisture,xandxactivity."
3.x"Thexscalexisxusedxonlyxforxpatientsxwithxexistingxpressurexulcers."
,4.x"Axscorexabovex20xindicatesxaxsignificantxriskxforxpressurexinjuries."x-
xcorrectxanswerx ✅CorrectxAnswer:x2
Rationale:xThexBradenxScalexevaluatesxriskxfactorsxsuchxasxsensoryxperception,xmoisture,xandxmobility.x
Higherxscoresxindicatexlessxrisk.xItxisxusedxpreventively,xnotxsolelyxforxpatientsxwithxulcers.
Questionx4:
Axpatientxreceivingxenteralxfeedingsxisxatxriskxforxaspiration.xWhichxnursingxinterventionsxarexappropriat
e?x(Selectxallxthatxapply.)
1.xKeepxthexheadxofxthexbedxatxaxminimumxofx30xdegrees.
2.xMeasurexgastricxresidualxvolumexeveryx12xhours.
3.xCheckxtubexplacementxbeforexadministeringxfeedings.
4.xHoldxfeedingsxifxresidualxvolumexexceedsx500xmL.
5.xProvidexoralxsuctioningxasxneeded.x-xcorrectxanswerx ✅CorrectxAnswer:x1,x3,x4,x5
Rationale:xKeepingxthexheadxofxthexbedxelevated,xcheckingxtubexplacement,xandxholdingxfeedingsxwhen
xresidualxvolumexisxhighxreducexaspirationxrisks.xGastricxresidualxvolumexshouldxbexassessedxeveryx4-
6xhoursxforxcontinuousxfeedings.
Whichxofxthexfollowingxstatementsxaboutxwoundxcarexarexcorrect?x(Selectxallxthatxapply.)
1.xStagex1xpressurexinjuriesxrequirextransparentxdressingsxorxbarrierxcreams.
2.xHydrocolloidxdressingsxarexappropriatexforxStagex2xandx3xpressurexinjuries.
3.xStagex4xpressurexinjuriesxmayxrequirexgauzexsoakedxinxnormalxsaline.
4.xNecroticxwoundsxarexbestxtreatedxwithxdebridementxandxenzymexcream.
5.xStagex3xpressurexinjuriesxneverxrequirexsurgicalxconsultation.x-
xcorrectxanswerx ✅CorrectxAnswer:x1,x2,x3,x4
Rationale:xTransparentxdressings/barrierxcreamsxprotectxStagex1xinjuries.xHydrocolloidsxarexsuitedxforxS
tagex2xandx3xinjuries.xDeepxwoundsx(Stagex4)xoftenxneedxsaline-soakedxgauzexorxdebridement.
Thexnursexisxpreparingxtoxadministerxmedicationsxtoxaxpatientxwithxchronicxpain.xWhichxconsiderationsx
arexappropriatexforxopioidxadministration?
1.xMonitorxrespiratoryxratexbeforexadministration.
2.xAdministerxnaloxonexifxrespiratoryxdepressionxoccurs.
,3.xAnticipatexconstipationxandxprovidexstoolxsofteners.
4.xWaitx10xdaysxbeforexassessingxforxopioidxtolerance.
5.xWithholdxopioidsxifxthexpatientxrequestsxpainxreliefxbutxshowsxnoxoutwardxsignsxofxdiscomfort.x-
xcorrectxanswerx ✅CorrectxAnswer:x1,x2,x3
Rationale:xOpioidsxcanxcausexrespiratoryxdepression,xrequiringxnaloxonexasxanxantidote.xConstipationxisx
axpredictablexsidexeffect.xTolerancexmayxdevelopxsoonerxthanx10xdays.xPainxisxsubjective,xsoxoutwardxsi
gnsxarexnotxnecessaryxforxadministration.
Questionx7:
Axpatientxwithxpneumoniaxisxexperiencingxdyspnea.xWhatxisxthexnurse'sxfirstxintervention?
1.xAdministerxprescribedxoxygen.
2.xPlacexthexpatientxinxaxhigh-Fowler'sxposition.
3.xNotifyxthexproviderximmediately.
4.xPerformxchestxphysiotherapy.x-xcorrectxanswerx ✅CorrectxAnswer:x2
Rationale:xPositioningxthexpatientximprovesxlungxexpansionxandxisxthexleastxinvasivexinitialxintervention.
xOxygenxcanxfollowxifxneededxafterxassessment.
Questionx8:
Whatxteachingxshouldxthexnursexprovidextoxaxpatientxwithxaxnewxdiagnosisxofxhypertension?x(Selectxallx
thatxapply.)
1.xReducexsodiumxintakextoxlessxthanx2g/day.
2.xLimitxphysicalxactivityxtoxpreventxexcessivexstressxonxthexheart.
3.xStopxsmokingxandxlimitxalcoholxconsumption.
4.xMonitorxbloodxpressurexatxhomexregularly.
5.xAvoidxstressxmanagementxtechniquesxasxtheyxmayxlowerxbloodxpressurextooxmuch.x-
xcorrectxanswerx ✅CorrectxAnswer:x1,x3,x4
Rationale:xSodiumxrestriction,xsmokingxcessation,xandxregularxmonitoringxhelpxmanagexhypertension.xP
hysicalxactivityxandxstressxmanagementxarexencouraged.
Questionx9:
Whichxpatientxstatementxindicatesxunderstandingxofxpreventingxaxurinaryxtractxinfectionx(UTI)?
, 1.x"Ixwillxdrinkx6-8xglassesxofxwaterxdaily."
2.x"Takingxaxbubblexbathxcanxhelpxkeepxthexareaxclean."
3.x"Ixshouldxvoidxeveryx6-8xhours."
4.x"Wearingxtightxclothesxhelpsxreducexbacteriaxgrowth."x-xcorrectxanswerx ✅CorrectxAnswer:x1
Rationale:xAdequatexhydrationxhelpsxflushxbacteriaxfromxthexurinaryxtract.xBubblexbathsxandxtightxcloth
ingxincreasexthexriskxofxUTIs.xVoidingxshouldxoccurxeveryx2-4xhours.
AxpatientxwithxdiabetesxhasxaxBMIxofx36.xThexnursexshouldxincludexwhichxinterventionsxinxthexcarexplan
?x(Selectxallxthatxapply.)
1.xRecommendxaxlow-fat,xhigh-fiberxdiet.
2.xEncouragexaerobicxexercisexasxtolerated.
3.xMonitorxforxsignsxofxobstructivexsleepxapnea.
4.xReferxtoxaxdieticianxforxmealxplanning.
5.xAdvisexstrictxbedxrestxtoxmanagexweight.x-xcorrectxanswerx ✅CorrectxAnswer:x1,x2,x3,x4
Rationale:xObesityxmanagementxincludesxdietaryxchanges,xphysicalxactivity,xandxaddressingxcomplicatio
nsxlikexsleepxapnea.xBedxrestxisxnotxrecommendedxforxweightxmanagement.
Questionx11:
Whichxactionsxbyxthexnursexreducexthexriskxofxhospital-
acquiredxinfectionsx(HAIs)?x(Selectxallxthatxapply.)
1.xUsingxasepticxtechniquexduringxinvasivexprocedures.
2.xWearingxglovesxonlyxwhenxcontactxwithxbodilyxfluidsxisxexpected.
3.xEnsuringxproperxhandxhygienexbeforexandxafterxpatientxcontact.
4.xEducatingxpatientsxandxfamiliesxaboutxinfectionxpreventionxmeasures.
5.xRestrictingxfamilyxvisitsxforxallxpatients.x-xcorrectxanswerx ✅CorrectxAnswer:x1,x3,x4
Rationale:xAsepticxtechniquexandxhandxhygienexarexcriticalxinxpreventingxHAIs.xEducationxempowersxpat
ientsxandxfamiliesxtoxparticipatexinxprevention.xGlovesxarexusedxasxpartxofxstandardxprecautions;xtheyxar
exnotxoptional.xRestrictingxvisitsxforxallxpatientsxisxunnecessary.
Questionx12:
Fundamentals Exam Prep & Study Guide
Questionx1:
AxnursexisxcaringxforxaxclientxwithxClostridiumxdifficilex(C.xdiff).xWhichxinfectionxcontrolxmeasuresxshould
xthexnurseximplement?x(Selectxallxthatxapply.)
1.xWashxhandsxwithxsoapxandxwaterxbeforexandxafterxpatientxcontact.
2.xUsexanxalcohol-basedxhandxsanitizerxafterxremovingxgloves.
3.xWearxglovesxandxaxgownxwhenxenteringxthexpatient'sxroom.
4.xPlacexthexpatientxinxaxroomxwithxnegativexairflow.
5.xUsexaxsurgicalxmaskxduringxpatientxcare.x-xcorrectxanswerx ✅CorrectxAnswer:x1,x3
Rationale:xWashingxhandsxwithxsoapxandxwaterxisxessentialxtoxremovexC.xdiffxspores.xGlovesxandxgownsx
arexnecessaryxasxitxisxaxcontactxprecautionxdisease.xAlcohol-
basedxhandxsanitizersxarexineffectivexagainstxC.xdiffxspores.xNegativexairflowxandxsurgicalxmasksxarexnot
xrequiredxforxC.xdiff.
Questionx2:
WhichxofxthexfollowingxnursingxactionsxreflectxadherencextoxthexANAxStandardsxofxNursingxPractice?
1.xChangingxaxpatient'sxpositionxeveryx2xhoursxwithoutxaxphysician'sxorder.
2.xCollaboratingxwithxaxdieticianxtoxcreatexaxpatientxcarexplan.
3.xEnsuringxaxcolleaguexhasxdocumentedxanxadministeredxmedication.
4.xAdjustingxoxygenxflowxratexfromx2xL/minxtox4xL/minxbasedxonxpatientxneeds.x-
xcorrectxanswerx ✅CorrectxAnswer:x1
Rationale:xAutonomy,xasxperxANAxstandards,xallowsxnursesxtoxperformxindependentxinterventionsxlikexr
epositioningxwithoutxaxphysician'sxorder.xAdjustingxoxygenxflowxrequiresxaxprovider'sxorderxunlessxit'sxa
nxemergency.xNursesxmustxdocumentxtheirxactions,xnotxrelyxonxothers.
AxnursexisxprovidingxeducationxtoxaxgroupxaboutxthexBradenxScale.xWhichxstatementxindicatesxundersta
nding?
1.x"AxhigherxBradenxScalexscorexmeansxthexpatientxisxatxhigherxriskxforxpressurexinjuries."
2.x"Itxassessesxthexriskxofxinjuryxduextoxfactorsxlikexsensoryxperception,xmoisture,xandxactivity."
3.x"Thexscalexisxusedxonlyxforxpatientsxwithxexistingxpressurexulcers."
,4.x"Axscorexabovex20xindicatesxaxsignificantxriskxforxpressurexinjuries."x-
xcorrectxanswerx ✅CorrectxAnswer:x2
Rationale:xThexBradenxScalexevaluatesxriskxfactorsxsuchxasxsensoryxperception,xmoisture,xandxmobility.x
Higherxscoresxindicatexlessxrisk.xItxisxusedxpreventively,xnotxsolelyxforxpatientsxwithxulcers.
Questionx4:
Axpatientxreceivingxenteralxfeedingsxisxatxriskxforxaspiration.xWhichxnursingxinterventionsxarexappropriat
e?x(Selectxallxthatxapply.)
1.xKeepxthexheadxofxthexbedxatxaxminimumxofx30xdegrees.
2.xMeasurexgastricxresidualxvolumexeveryx12xhours.
3.xCheckxtubexplacementxbeforexadministeringxfeedings.
4.xHoldxfeedingsxifxresidualxvolumexexceedsx500xmL.
5.xProvidexoralxsuctioningxasxneeded.x-xcorrectxanswerx ✅CorrectxAnswer:x1,x3,x4,x5
Rationale:xKeepingxthexheadxofxthexbedxelevated,xcheckingxtubexplacement,xandxholdingxfeedingsxwhen
xresidualxvolumexisxhighxreducexaspirationxrisks.xGastricxresidualxvolumexshouldxbexassessedxeveryx4-
6xhoursxforxcontinuousxfeedings.
Whichxofxthexfollowingxstatementsxaboutxwoundxcarexarexcorrect?x(Selectxallxthatxapply.)
1.xStagex1xpressurexinjuriesxrequirextransparentxdressingsxorxbarrierxcreams.
2.xHydrocolloidxdressingsxarexappropriatexforxStagex2xandx3xpressurexinjuries.
3.xStagex4xpressurexinjuriesxmayxrequirexgauzexsoakedxinxnormalxsaline.
4.xNecroticxwoundsxarexbestxtreatedxwithxdebridementxandxenzymexcream.
5.xStagex3xpressurexinjuriesxneverxrequirexsurgicalxconsultation.x-
xcorrectxanswerx ✅CorrectxAnswer:x1,x2,x3,x4
Rationale:xTransparentxdressings/barrierxcreamsxprotectxStagex1xinjuries.xHydrocolloidsxarexsuitedxforxS
tagex2xandx3xinjuries.xDeepxwoundsx(Stagex4)xoftenxneedxsaline-soakedxgauzexorxdebridement.
Thexnursexisxpreparingxtoxadministerxmedicationsxtoxaxpatientxwithxchronicxpain.xWhichxconsiderationsx
arexappropriatexforxopioidxadministration?
1.xMonitorxrespiratoryxratexbeforexadministration.
2.xAdministerxnaloxonexifxrespiratoryxdepressionxoccurs.
,3.xAnticipatexconstipationxandxprovidexstoolxsofteners.
4.xWaitx10xdaysxbeforexassessingxforxopioidxtolerance.
5.xWithholdxopioidsxifxthexpatientxrequestsxpainxreliefxbutxshowsxnoxoutwardxsignsxofxdiscomfort.x-
xcorrectxanswerx ✅CorrectxAnswer:x1,x2,x3
Rationale:xOpioidsxcanxcausexrespiratoryxdepression,xrequiringxnaloxonexasxanxantidote.xConstipationxisx
axpredictablexsidexeffect.xTolerancexmayxdevelopxsoonerxthanx10xdays.xPainxisxsubjective,xsoxoutwardxsi
gnsxarexnotxnecessaryxforxadministration.
Questionx7:
Axpatientxwithxpneumoniaxisxexperiencingxdyspnea.xWhatxisxthexnurse'sxfirstxintervention?
1.xAdministerxprescribedxoxygen.
2.xPlacexthexpatientxinxaxhigh-Fowler'sxposition.
3.xNotifyxthexproviderximmediately.
4.xPerformxchestxphysiotherapy.x-xcorrectxanswerx ✅CorrectxAnswer:x2
Rationale:xPositioningxthexpatientximprovesxlungxexpansionxandxisxthexleastxinvasivexinitialxintervention.
xOxygenxcanxfollowxifxneededxafterxassessment.
Questionx8:
Whatxteachingxshouldxthexnursexprovidextoxaxpatientxwithxaxnewxdiagnosisxofxhypertension?x(Selectxallx
thatxapply.)
1.xReducexsodiumxintakextoxlessxthanx2g/day.
2.xLimitxphysicalxactivityxtoxpreventxexcessivexstressxonxthexheart.
3.xStopxsmokingxandxlimitxalcoholxconsumption.
4.xMonitorxbloodxpressurexatxhomexregularly.
5.xAvoidxstressxmanagementxtechniquesxasxtheyxmayxlowerxbloodxpressurextooxmuch.x-
xcorrectxanswerx ✅CorrectxAnswer:x1,x3,x4
Rationale:xSodiumxrestriction,xsmokingxcessation,xandxregularxmonitoringxhelpxmanagexhypertension.xP
hysicalxactivityxandxstressxmanagementxarexencouraged.
Questionx9:
Whichxpatientxstatementxindicatesxunderstandingxofxpreventingxaxurinaryxtractxinfectionx(UTI)?
, 1.x"Ixwillxdrinkx6-8xglassesxofxwaterxdaily."
2.x"Takingxaxbubblexbathxcanxhelpxkeepxthexareaxclean."
3.x"Ixshouldxvoidxeveryx6-8xhours."
4.x"Wearingxtightxclothesxhelpsxreducexbacteriaxgrowth."x-xcorrectxanswerx ✅CorrectxAnswer:x1
Rationale:xAdequatexhydrationxhelpsxflushxbacteriaxfromxthexurinaryxtract.xBubblexbathsxandxtightxcloth
ingxincreasexthexriskxofxUTIs.xVoidingxshouldxoccurxeveryx2-4xhours.
AxpatientxwithxdiabetesxhasxaxBMIxofx36.xThexnursexshouldxincludexwhichxinterventionsxinxthexcarexplan
?x(Selectxallxthatxapply.)
1.xRecommendxaxlow-fat,xhigh-fiberxdiet.
2.xEncouragexaerobicxexercisexasxtolerated.
3.xMonitorxforxsignsxofxobstructivexsleepxapnea.
4.xReferxtoxaxdieticianxforxmealxplanning.
5.xAdvisexstrictxbedxrestxtoxmanagexweight.x-xcorrectxanswerx ✅CorrectxAnswer:x1,x2,x3,x4
Rationale:xObesityxmanagementxincludesxdietaryxchanges,xphysicalxactivity,xandxaddressingxcomplicatio
nsxlikexsleepxapnea.xBedxrestxisxnotxrecommendedxforxweightxmanagement.
Questionx11:
Whichxactionsxbyxthexnursexreducexthexriskxofxhospital-
acquiredxinfectionsx(HAIs)?x(Selectxallxthatxapply.)
1.xUsingxasepticxtechniquexduringxinvasivexprocedures.
2.xWearingxglovesxonlyxwhenxcontactxwithxbodilyxfluidsxisxexpected.
3.xEnsuringxproperxhandxhygienexbeforexandxafterxpatientxcontact.
4.xEducatingxpatientsxandxfamiliesxaboutxinfectionxpreventionxmeasures.
5.xRestrictingxfamilyxvisitsxforxallxpatients.x-xcorrectxanswerx ✅CorrectxAnswer:x1,x3,x4
Rationale:xAsepticxtechniquexandxhandxhygienexarexcriticalxinxpreventingxHAIs.xEducationxempowersxpat
ientsxandxfamiliesxtoxparticipatexinxprevention.xGlovesxarexusedxasxpartxofxstandardxprecautions;xtheyxar
exnotxoptional.xRestrictingxvisitsxforxallxpatientsxisxunnecessary.
Questionx12:
