Chapter 17 - Breast Health -
Women's Health A Primary
Care Clinical guide Exam
Questions with Correct
Answers
petel petish [Date] [Course title]
,BRCA-1 and BRCA-2 mutation - correct answer: a DNA change in the BRCA-1
or BRCA-2 tumor suppressor genes that are associated with increased breast
cancer and ovarian cancer risk
- autosomal dominant
- thought to function in the DNA repair process
- BRCA1 carriers have a cumulative risk of 72% for breast cancer and 44% for
ovarian cancer
BRCA2 carriers have a 69 % cumulative risk for breast cancer and a 17% risk
for ovarian cancer
- BRCA1 cancers tend to be triple-negative - estrogen receptor, progesterone
receptor, and HER2 negative
- BRCA2 cancers tend to be estrogen receptor positive
breast mass documentation - correct answer: Borders (smooth or irregular)
Consistency
Location/position (i.e. 10 o'clock - quadrant, distance from nipple)
Mobility, attachment to skin or deep structures
Retraction
Shape
Size
Tenderness
mobility, attachment to the skin, or deep structures
Visual inspction of the breasts - correct answer: The patient is seated with
arms relaxed; compare breast size and shape; bulges, dimpling, retraction of
the skin suggest underlying tissue changes.
Breast edema looks like an orange peel and could be indicative of an
underlying tumor
observe for symmetry, retraction, skin changes
, Have the patient raise arms over her head and observe the lower half of the
breasts for dimpling or retraction
Have patient sit with hands pressed tightly against her hips, causing
contraction of the pectoralis major muscles to highlight areas of dimpling or
skin retraction
vertical strip pattern - correct answer: currently the best-validated technique
for detecting breast masses
landmarks for clinical breast exam - correct answer: down the midaxillary
line, across the inframammary ridge at the fifth/sixth rib, up the lateral edges
of the sternum, across the clavicle, and back to the midaxillary line
Palpation techniques clinical breast exam - correct answer: - use the pads of
the fingertips of the middle three fingers to palpate
- use overlapping dime-sized circular motions
- palpate the entire perimeter of the breast including the upper outer
quadrant and under the areola and nipple
Pressure when performing clinical breast exam - correct answer: Three levels
of pressure should be applied in sequence when each area of tissue is
examined: light, medium, and deep to get the subcutaneous, midlevel, and
chest wall layers.
Screening mammography - correct answer: images taken in four views using
compression plastic plates
- scheduling at the end of the menstrual cycle may decrease discomfort
- no deodorant the day of the exam
Women's Health A Primary
Care Clinical guide Exam
Questions with Correct
Answers
petel petish [Date] [Course title]
,BRCA-1 and BRCA-2 mutation - correct answer: a DNA change in the BRCA-1
or BRCA-2 tumor suppressor genes that are associated with increased breast
cancer and ovarian cancer risk
- autosomal dominant
- thought to function in the DNA repair process
- BRCA1 carriers have a cumulative risk of 72% for breast cancer and 44% for
ovarian cancer
BRCA2 carriers have a 69 % cumulative risk for breast cancer and a 17% risk
for ovarian cancer
- BRCA1 cancers tend to be triple-negative - estrogen receptor, progesterone
receptor, and HER2 negative
- BRCA2 cancers tend to be estrogen receptor positive
breast mass documentation - correct answer: Borders (smooth or irregular)
Consistency
Location/position (i.e. 10 o'clock - quadrant, distance from nipple)
Mobility, attachment to skin or deep structures
Retraction
Shape
Size
Tenderness
mobility, attachment to the skin, or deep structures
Visual inspction of the breasts - correct answer: The patient is seated with
arms relaxed; compare breast size and shape; bulges, dimpling, retraction of
the skin suggest underlying tissue changes.
Breast edema looks like an orange peel and could be indicative of an
underlying tumor
observe for symmetry, retraction, skin changes
, Have the patient raise arms over her head and observe the lower half of the
breasts for dimpling or retraction
Have patient sit with hands pressed tightly against her hips, causing
contraction of the pectoralis major muscles to highlight areas of dimpling or
skin retraction
vertical strip pattern - correct answer: currently the best-validated technique
for detecting breast masses
landmarks for clinical breast exam - correct answer: down the midaxillary
line, across the inframammary ridge at the fifth/sixth rib, up the lateral edges
of the sternum, across the clavicle, and back to the midaxillary line
Palpation techniques clinical breast exam - correct answer: - use the pads of
the fingertips of the middle three fingers to palpate
- use overlapping dime-sized circular motions
- palpate the entire perimeter of the breast including the upper outer
quadrant and under the areola and nipple
Pressure when performing clinical breast exam - correct answer: Three levels
of pressure should be applied in sequence when each area of tissue is
examined: light, medium, and deep to get the subcutaneous, midlevel, and
chest wall layers.
Screening mammography - correct answer: images taken in four views using
compression plastic plates
- scheduling at the end of the menstrual cycle may decrease discomfort
- no deodorant the day of the exam
