Exam (elaborations) WGU D345 DIAGNOSTIC PROCESSES

WGU D345 DIAGNOSTIC PROCESSES /PMHNP D345 OA PRACTICE TEST 2026/2027 COMPLETE QUESTIONS BANK WITH VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS// 100% GUARANTEED PASS RECENT VERSION patient may not be aware of signs: - ANSWERasymptomatic **ex.) white patches on lateral border of tongue subjective findings perceived by patient: - ANSWERsymptoms symptoms are ________, and ____ _________ by the clinician - ANSWERsymptomatic, not observable **ex.) fatigue, headache, anxiety, sensations, etc. - accurate recordkeeping - allows for comparisons at ensuing visits - clear communication among colleagues - facilitates differential diagnosis - ANSWERterminology descriptive terminology is: - ANSWERstandardized - anatomic location - color - shape - borders - consistency - ANSWERdescriptive terminology supplemental diagnostic aides -- imaging (3): - ANSWER- periapical, bitewing, and panoramic radiographs - cone beam (CT) scans - magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) supplemental diagnostic aides -- biopsy: **excisional v. incisional - ANSWER- excisional: perfomed on small lesions that can be totally removed - incisional: small sample of tissue taken from a larger lesion tissue samples are processed for microscopic examination: - ANSWERbiopsy supplemental diagnostic aides -- - cytological smear - brush biopsy (brush tests) **noninvasive and require no anesthesia - ANSWERexfoliative cytology supplemental diagnostic aides -- - serological (blood) tests - urinalysis - microbiological cultures - antibody tests - DNA-PCR (polymerase chain reaction) - ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) - salivary function tests - electromyography - ANSWERlaboratory tests ___________ features: specifically characteristic of a particular disease or lesion; a pathognomonic sign is a: - ANSWERpathognomonic, particular sign whose presence means that a particular disease is present beyond any doubt. for many lesions these are NOT always present , so a strategy must be used to arrive at the final diagnosis. thus, we pursue what is known as a: - ANSWERdifferential diagnosis a list of diseases that share signs and symptoms; a strategy to get to a definitive diagnosis - ANSWERdifferential diagnosis differential diagnosis -- diseases on this list are then investigated to: - ANSWERrule them in or out clinical reasoning - ANSWERprocess used by practitioners to plan, direct, perform, and reflect on client care. It involves application of analysis and evaluation and inference Sensitivity - ANSWERThe ability of the test to determine who has the disease Specificity - ANSWERThe ability to identify correctly those who do not have the disease. Accuracy - ANSWERrefers to how close a measured value is to an accepted value. The test the measure what it was designed to measure; proportion of all tests Precision - ANSWERThe degree to which repeated measurements show the same result. Ultrasound - ANSWERHigh frequency sound waves are directed at an internal body structure and a record is made of the waves pulses as they are reflected back through the tissues. example of ultrasound - ANSWERAbdominal, breast, Scrotal, thyroid, vaginal, pelvic Reasons for performing ultrasound studies - ANSWERTo determine whether a lump or another abnormality is fluid filled cyst or a solid tumor Reasons for performing ultrasound - ANSWERTo stage a tumor to evaluate pregnancy and placenta status to detect a topic pregnancy to determine fetal status size and growth to Evaluate disorders of the arteries Advantages of ultrasounds - ANSWERThere painless, noninvasive requires no I designing radiation and they can be repeated with no risk, Uses no dye MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) - ANSWERa technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer-generated images of soft tissue. MRI scans show brain anatomy. MRI is useful in these following evaluations - ANSWERHead and surrounding structures, face neck mediastinum heart and great vessels liver and biliary tree kidney prostate bones and joints breasts extremities soft tissues in the pancreas advantage of MRI - ANSWERCan be preformed on a patient without any health risk it's used to assess the response of cancer in radio therapy and chemotherapy Helpful diagnosis is used with MRIs - ANSWERHelpful and determination of anatomical changes in muscles and joints Microscopic studies - ANSWERUse for the diagnosis and treatment of numerous diseases and infectious process Microbiologic specimens - ANSWERSources such as tissues, Organ biopsy, blood, urine, wound drainage, cervical secretions and sputum What department is the MRI located in - ANSWERRadiology What department would you send a patient to go for an ultrasound - ANSWERRadiology chest x-ray (CXR) - ANSWERIt can indicate so much information about the heart, lungs, bony thorax, mediastinum, and great vessels Data from a chest x-ray - ANSWERTumors of the lungs, heart, chest wall, and bony thorax, inflammation of the lungs, fluid in the lungs, and fluid in the heart, air in the lungs, fractures of bones Criteria for diagnosis of diabetes - ANSWER1. A1C ≥ 6.5%. OR 2. Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) ≥ 126 mg/dL. OR 3. 2-hour plasma glucose ≥ 200 mg/dL during an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) using a 75 g glucose load. OR 4. When a patient has symptoms of a hyperglycemic crisis, a random plasma glucose of ≥ 200 mg/dL. Criteria for Rheumatoid Arthritis - ANSWERMust have 4 of the 7: 1. Morning stiffness at least 1 hr. x 6 wks 2. Arthritis 3 joints x 6 wks 3. Swelling of hand joints x 6 wks 4. Symmetric joint swelling x 6 wks 5. Rheumatoid nodules 6. Positive rheumatoid factor 7. Radiographic changes Test for thyroid function - ANSWERTSH CT scan (computed tomography) - ANSWERa series of x-ray photographs taken from different angles and combined by computer into a composite representation of a slice through the body What is a CBC? - ANSWERcomplete blood count What is a BMP used to assess? - ANSWERElectrolytes (Na + K), Renal function (BUN + Creat), Glucose What is a CMP used to assess? - ANSWERBMP + LFT's (liver function) What is a CBC used for? - ANSWERUsed to detect anemia and thrombocytopenia What is a CBC with differential? - ANSWERCBC with enumeration of different WBC types What lab test is for kidney function - ANSWERBUN, creatinine, creatinine clearance, Creatinine Urine What lab test monitors Albuminuria - ANSWERa urine test to check for albumin. Albumin - ANSWERprotein in blood; maintains the proper amount of water in the blood What does Creatinine measure? - ANSWERRenal insufficiency or failure