NR283 Exam 1 (week 2)
Questions and Answers
what are the 7 steps of inflammation? - ANSWER-- injury
- vasoconstriction
- dead cells release cell components
- mast cell degranulation (when a mast cell releases its chemical mediators)
- vasodilation, increased capillary permeability
- WBC infiltrate
- phagocytosis
what is inflammation? - ANSWER-the body's non-specific response to tissue injury
what is the purpose of inflammation? - ANSWER-- phagocytosis of foreign materials
- defense
- cleanup
- triggered WITH the specific immune response
s/s of local inflammation - ANSWER-- redness and heat (vasodilation)
- edema and pain (increased fluid/exudate)
s/s of systemic inflammation - ANSWER-- fever (caused by hypothalamus)
- leukocytosis (increased WBC count)x
Bradykinin function - ANSWER-- PAIN
- vasodilation (allows WBC to go to injury site)
prostaglandin function - ANSWER-- FEVER
- helps with producing pain
chemotatic factors function - ANSWER-- GPS pin that tells WBC where the injury
site is
Histamine function - ANSWER-- vasodilation
- increased capillary permeability
- FIRST and BEST
leukotrines function - ANSWER-- vasodilation
- increased capillary permeability
- 2nd backup
neutrophils - ANSWER-- first responder
- most prevalent
, macrophages - ANSWER-- mature at the site if infection
- primary phagocytes
mast cells - ANSWER-- holds chemicals
- degranulation to release chemicals
platelets - ANSWER-- stops bleeding
- isolate infection (sticks around infection site to contain it)
clotting cascade - ANSWER-- fibrin strands (platelets and fibrin needed for clots)
- plasma proteins made by the liver are used in this process
Kinin system cascade - ANSWER-- uses bradykinin
- initiates pain
complement system cascade - ANSWER-- uses C1-C9 proteins
- fights bacteria (punches holes in cell wall)
characteristics of chronic inflammation - ANSWER-- BAD: inflammatory chemicals
cause damage after too long
- decreased swelling occurs- capillary bed blocked
- increased leukocytes and fibroblasts (scar tissue)
- tissue damage
- impaired cell replication
- increased risk of injury, disease, death
example of prolonged acute inflammation - ANSWER-- sprained ankle
- never went to physical therapy
- still dealing with it
example of chronic inflammation - ANSWER-- smoking daily
- kills cells, which then regrow
- leads to cancer from the excessive regrowth of cells (higher chance of mutation)
how many chromosomal pairs do humans have? - ANSWER-23
what is the function of the 23rd chromosome? - ANSWER-- sex chromosome
- XX= girl
- XY= boy
genotype - ANSWER-actual genetic sequence of the DNA ina cell or individual
phenotype - ANSWER-physical expression of characteristics manifested by a person
depending on genetic and environmental factors
nondisjunction - ANSWER-- cellular DNA does not replicate correctly
- eg. cell splits unevenly; mutation can lead to cell death or replication of mutated
Questions and Answers
what are the 7 steps of inflammation? - ANSWER-- injury
- vasoconstriction
- dead cells release cell components
- mast cell degranulation (when a mast cell releases its chemical mediators)
- vasodilation, increased capillary permeability
- WBC infiltrate
- phagocytosis
what is inflammation? - ANSWER-the body's non-specific response to tissue injury
what is the purpose of inflammation? - ANSWER-- phagocytosis of foreign materials
- defense
- cleanup
- triggered WITH the specific immune response
s/s of local inflammation - ANSWER-- redness and heat (vasodilation)
- edema and pain (increased fluid/exudate)
s/s of systemic inflammation - ANSWER-- fever (caused by hypothalamus)
- leukocytosis (increased WBC count)x
Bradykinin function - ANSWER-- PAIN
- vasodilation (allows WBC to go to injury site)
prostaglandin function - ANSWER-- FEVER
- helps with producing pain
chemotatic factors function - ANSWER-- GPS pin that tells WBC where the injury
site is
Histamine function - ANSWER-- vasodilation
- increased capillary permeability
- FIRST and BEST
leukotrines function - ANSWER-- vasodilation
- increased capillary permeability
- 2nd backup
neutrophils - ANSWER-- first responder
- most prevalent
, macrophages - ANSWER-- mature at the site if infection
- primary phagocytes
mast cells - ANSWER-- holds chemicals
- degranulation to release chemicals
platelets - ANSWER-- stops bleeding
- isolate infection (sticks around infection site to contain it)
clotting cascade - ANSWER-- fibrin strands (platelets and fibrin needed for clots)
- plasma proteins made by the liver are used in this process
Kinin system cascade - ANSWER-- uses bradykinin
- initiates pain
complement system cascade - ANSWER-- uses C1-C9 proteins
- fights bacteria (punches holes in cell wall)
characteristics of chronic inflammation - ANSWER-- BAD: inflammatory chemicals
cause damage after too long
- decreased swelling occurs- capillary bed blocked
- increased leukocytes and fibroblasts (scar tissue)
- tissue damage
- impaired cell replication
- increased risk of injury, disease, death
example of prolonged acute inflammation - ANSWER-- sprained ankle
- never went to physical therapy
- still dealing with it
example of chronic inflammation - ANSWER-- smoking daily
- kills cells, which then regrow
- leads to cancer from the excessive regrowth of cells (higher chance of mutation)
how many chromosomal pairs do humans have? - ANSWER-23
what is the function of the 23rd chromosome? - ANSWER-- sex chromosome
- XX= girl
- XY= boy
genotype - ANSWER-actual genetic sequence of the DNA ina cell or individual
phenotype - ANSWER-physical expression of characteristics manifested by a person
depending on genetic and environmental factors
nondisjunction - ANSWER-- cellular DNA does not replicate correctly
- eg. cell splits unevenly; mutation can lead to cell death or replication of mutated
