,LSU PSYC 2000 Exam 4 | Introduction to Psychology
(2026) Q&A
1. Which of the following best describes the psychoanalytic perspective on
personality?
A) Personality is shaped by reinforcement and punishment.
B) Personality is influenced by unconscious conflicts and childhood experiences.
C) Personality is determined by genetic factors.
D) Personality is a result of conscious choices and self-actualization.
Correct Answer: Personality is influenced by unconscious conflicts and childhood
experiences.
Rationale: The psychoanalytic perspective, developed by Sigmund Freud,
emphasizes the role of unconscious drives, conflicts, and early childhood experiences
in shaping personality. Behaviorism focuses on reinforcement, humanistic psychology
emphasizes conscious choice, and trait theory focuses on stable characteristics.
2. According to Freud, which part of the personality operates on the pleasure
principle and seeks immediate gratification?
A) Ego
B) Superego
C) Id
D) Conscience
Correct Answer: Id
,Rationale: The id is the primitive, instinctual component of personality that operates
on the pleasure principle, seeking immediate satisfaction of desires. The ego
operates on the reality principle, and the superego represents internalized morals
and values.
3. The ego operates on which principle?
A) Pleasure principle
B) Reality principle
C) Morality principle
D) Idealistic principle
Correct Answer: Reality principle
Rationale: The ego operates on the reality principle, mediating between the id's
demands and the external world. It seeks to satisfy the id's desires in realistic and
socially appropriate ways. The superego operates on the morality principle.
4. According to Freud, the superego develops through:
A) Resolution of the Oedipus complex
B) Reinforcement and punishment
C) Observational learning
D) Genetic inheritance
Correct Answer: Resolution of the Oedipus complex
Rationale: Freud proposed that the superego develops as a result of resolving the
Oedipus complex during the phallic stage. Through identification with the same-sex
parent, children internalize moral standards and values.
, 5. Which of the following is NOT one of Freud's psychosexual stages?
A) Oral
B) Anal
C) Phallic
D) Identity
Correct Answer: Identity
Rationale: Freud's psychosexual stages are oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital.
"Identity" is not a psychosexual stage; it is a concept from Erikson's psychosocial
theory. Each psychosexual stage focuses on a different erogenous zone.
6. According to Freud, fixation at the oral stage could result in an adult who:
A) Is excessively dependent and seeks oral stimulation
B) Is excessively orderly and stingy
C) Has difficulty with intimate relationships
D) Is overly competitive and ambitious
Correct Answer: Is excessively dependent and seeks oral stimulation
Rationale: Fixation at the oral stage, caused by unmet needs during infancy, can lead
to an oral fixation in adulthood, characterized by dependency, passivity, and seeking
oral stimulation such as smoking or overeating. Anal fixation leads to orderliness or
messiness.
7. The humanistic perspective on personality emphasizes:
A) Unconscious conflicts
(2026) Q&A
1. Which of the following best describes the psychoanalytic perspective on
personality?
A) Personality is shaped by reinforcement and punishment.
B) Personality is influenced by unconscious conflicts and childhood experiences.
C) Personality is determined by genetic factors.
D) Personality is a result of conscious choices and self-actualization.
Correct Answer: Personality is influenced by unconscious conflicts and childhood
experiences.
Rationale: The psychoanalytic perspective, developed by Sigmund Freud,
emphasizes the role of unconscious drives, conflicts, and early childhood experiences
in shaping personality. Behaviorism focuses on reinforcement, humanistic psychology
emphasizes conscious choice, and trait theory focuses on stable characteristics.
2. According to Freud, which part of the personality operates on the pleasure
principle and seeks immediate gratification?
A) Ego
B) Superego
C) Id
D) Conscience
Correct Answer: Id
,Rationale: The id is the primitive, instinctual component of personality that operates
on the pleasure principle, seeking immediate satisfaction of desires. The ego
operates on the reality principle, and the superego represents internalized morals
and values.
3. The ego operates on which principle?
A) Pleasure principle
B) Reality principle
C) Morality principle
D) Idealistic principle
Correct Answer: Reality principle
Rationale: The ego operates on the reality principle, mediating between the id's
demands and the external world. It seeks to satisfy the id's desires in realistic and
socially appropriate ways. The superego operates on the morality principle.
4. According to Freud, the superego develops through:
A) Resolution of the Oedipus complex
B) Reinforcement and punishment
C) Observational learning
D) Genetic inheritance
Correct Answer: Resolution of the Oedipus complex
Rationale: Freud proposed that the superego develops as a result of resolving the
Oedipus complex during the phallic stage. Through identification with the same-sex
parent, children internalize moral standards and values.
, 5. Which of the following is NOT one of Freud's psychosexual stages?
A) Oral
B) Anal
C) Phallic
D) Identity
Correct Answer: Identity
Rationale: Freud's psychosexual stages are oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital.
"Identity" is not a psychosexual stage; it is a concept from Erikson's psychosocial
theory. Each psychosexual stage focuses on a different erogenous zone.
6. According to Freud, fixation at the oral stage could result in an adult who:
A) Is excessively dependent and seeks oral stimulation
B) Is excessively orderly and stingy
C) Has difficulty with intimate relationships
D) Is overly competitive and ambitious
Correct Answer: Is excessively dependent and seeks oral stimulation
Rationale: Fixation at the oral stage, caused by unmet needs during infancy, can lead
to an oral fixation in adulthood, characterized by dependency, passivity, and seeking
oral stimulation such as smoking or overeating. Anal fixation leads to orderliness or
messiness.
7. The humanistic perspective on personality emphasizes:
A) Unconscious conflicts
