CMN 574 EXAM 4 STUDY GUIDE:
ADVANCED HEALTH
COMMUNICATION THEORIES AND
APPLICATIONS. QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
2026/2027 UPDATE. JUST RELEASED
1. According to the Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM), when an individual perceives
high threat but low self-efficacy, which process are they most likely to engage in?
A. Danger control process
B. Cognitive dissonance reduction
C. Fear control process
D. Message elaboration process
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: In EPPM, when threat is high but efficacy is low, individuals
enter fear control, where they focus on managing their internal fear rather than the actual
danger, often leading to message rejection.
2. In the Theory of Planned Behavior, which component is defined as the individual’s
perception of social pressure to perform or not perform a specific behavior?
A. Attitude toward the behavior
,B. Perceived behavioral control
C. Subjective norms
D. Descriptive norms
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Subjective norms refer to the perceived social pressure from
important others to engage in or abstain from a behavior.
3. According to Social Cognitive Theory, the concept of ‘reciprocal determinism’ suggests that
behavior is influenced by the interaction of which three factors?
A. Attitude, intention, and behavior
B. Knowledge, skills, and environment
C. Personal factors, environmental factors, and behavior
D. Self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and goals
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Reciprocal determinism describes the continuous, mutual
interaction between personal factors (cognition/biology), environmental influences, and
the behavior itself.
4. In the Transtheoretical Model, an individual who is planning to take action within the next
30 days and has taken some small behavioral steps is in which stage?
A. Contemplation
, B. Precontemplation
C. Action
D. Preparation
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: The Preparation stage is characterized by the intention to take
action in the immediate future (usually measured as the next month) and having a plan of
action.
5. Which of the following best describes the ‘Matching Hypothesis’ in the study of social
support?
A. Support is most effective when the type of support provided matches the type of support
needed for a specific stressor.
B. Social support is most effective when the provider and recipient have similar
demographic backgrounds.
C. The level of support received must match the level of support expected by the individual.
D. Instrumental support is always more effective than emotional support for health-related
stressors.
Answer: A
ADVANCED HEALTH
COMMUNICATION THEORIES AND
APPLICATIONS. QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
2026/2027 UPDATE. JUST RELEASED
1. According to the Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM), when an individual perceives
high threat but low self-efficacy, which process are they most likely to engage in?
A. Danger control process
B. Cognitive dissonance reduction
C. Fear control process
D. Message elaboration process
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: In EPPM, when threat is high but efficacy is low, individuals
enter fear control, where they focus on managing their internal fear rather than the actual
danger, often leading to message rejection.
2. In the Theory of Planned Behavior, which component is defined as the individual’s
perception of social pressure to perform or not perform a specific behavior?
A. Attitude toward the behavior
,B. Perceived behavioral control
C. Subjective norms
D. Descriptive norms
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Subjective norms refer to the perceived social pressure from
important others to engage in or abstain from a behavior.
3. According to Social Cognitive Theory, the concept of ‘reciprocal determinism’ suggests that
behavior is influenced by the interaction of which three factors?
A. Attitude, intention, and behavior
B. Knowledge, skills, and environment
C. Personal factors, environmental factors, and behavior
D. Self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and goals
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Reciprocal determinism describes the continuous, mutual
interaction between personal factors (cognition/biology), environmental influences, and
the behavior itself.
4. In the Transtheoretical Model, an individual who is planning to take action within the next
30 days and has taken some small behavioral steps is in which stage?
A. Contemplation
, B. Precontemplation
C. Action
D. Preparation
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: The Preparation stage is characterized by the intention to take
action in the immediate future (usually measured as the next month) and having a plan of
action.
5. Which of the following best describes the ‘Matching Hypothesis’ in the study of social
support?
A. Support is most effective when the type of support provided matches the type of support
needed for a specific stressor.
B. Social support is most effective when the provider and recipient have similar
demographic backgrounds.
C. The level of support received must match the level of support expected by the individual.
D. Instrumental support is always more effective than emotional support for health-related
stressors.
Answer: A
