Joyce University NUR198 Exam 1
Questions and Answers with
Complete Solutions | 2026 Update
integumentary changes of older adults - decreased skin turgor, subcutaneous fat, and
connective tissue leading to wrinkles and dry,
transparent skin
- thickened fingernails and toenails
cardiovascular/pulmonary changes of older -decreased chest wall movement, vital capacity, and cilia
adults -reduced cardiac output
-decreased peripheral circulation
-increased BP
neurologic changes of older adults -slower reaction time
-decreased senses (touch, smell, taste)
-decreased visual acuity
-night blindness
-inability to hear high-pitched sounds
-reduced spatial awareness
,gastrointestinal changes of older adults -decreased saliva production
-decreased digestive enzymes
-decreased intestinal motility leading to constipation
-increased dental problems
musculoskeletal changes of older adults -decreased height
-decreased muscle strength + tone
-bone decalcification
-joint degeneration
genitourinary changes of older adults -decreased bladder capacity
-prostate hypertrophy (males)
-decrease in estrogen + testosterone production
-atrophy of breast tissue (females)
endocrine changes of older adults -lowered T3 production
-decreased sensitivity to insulin
immune system changes of older adults -decreased antibodies
-increased AUTOimmune response
-decreased core body temp
-decreased T-Cell function
-decreased stress response
-decreased response to immunizations
A nurse is obtaining a health history from C, D, E
an older adult client as part of a
comprehensive physical examination.
Which of the following findings should
the nurse expect as associated with
aging? (SATA)
A. skin thickening
B.increased saliva production
C. decreased height
D.nail thickening
E. decreased bladder capacity
delirium -acute + temporary
-often caused by physiological source or change in
environment
-1st manifestation of UTI in older adults
What is often the 1st manifestation of a UTI delirium
in older adults?
dementia Chronic, progressive
Ex. Alzheimer's, vascular dementia
, A nurse is counseling an older adult who D. "I keep forgetting which medications I have taken during
describes having difficulty dealing with the day."
several issues. Which of the following
problems verbalized by the client should Explanation: The nurse should identify that the greatest risk to
the nurse identify as the priority? this client is injury from overdosing or underdosing
A. "I spent my whole life dreaming about medications due to loss of short-term memory. The priority
retirement, and now I wish I had my job issue is to assist the client to implement safe medication
back." strategies. Assist the client to use a pill organizer to help them
B. "It's been so stressful for me to have to remember to take their medications and to keep a list of all
depend on my child to help around the current medications.
house."
C. "I just heard my friend Al died. That's the
third one in 3 months."
D. "I keep forgetting which medications I
have taken during the day."
A nurse is caring for an older adult C. decreased skin elasticity
client. Which of the following is an
expected age-related physiological
change for which the nurse should
monitor?
A. increased bone density
B. enhanced immune response
C. decreased skin elasticity
D. improved renal function
A nurse is caring for an older adult C. decreased renal blood flow
client. Which of the following is an
expected age-related physiological
change in the renal system for which the
nurse should monitor?
A. increased glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
B. enhanced ability to concentrate urine
C. decreased renal blood flow
D. improved electrolyte balance
A nurse is caring for an older adult B. reduced heart rate variability
client. Which of the following is an
expected age-related physiological
change in the
cardiovascular system for which the
nurse should monitor?
A. increased cardiac output
B. reduced heart rate variability
C. decreased arterial stiffness
D. improved myocardial contractility
Questions and Answers with
Complete Solutions | 2026 Update
integumentary changes of older adults - decreased skin turgor, subcutaneous fat, and
connective tissue leading to wrinkles and dry,
transparent skin
- thickened fingernails and toenails
cardiovascular/pulmonary changes of older -decreased chest wall movement, vital capacity, and cilia
adults -reduced cardiac output
-decreased peripheral circulation
-increased BP
neurologic changes of older adults -slower reaction time
-decreased senses (touch, smell, taste)
-decreased visual acuity
-night blindness
-inability to hear high-pitched sounds
-reduced spatial awareness
,gastrointestinal changes of older adults -decreased saliva production
-decreased digestive enzymes
-decreased intestinal motility leading to constipation
-increased dental problems
musculoskeletal changes of older adults -decreased height
-decreased muscle strength + tone
-bone decalcification
-joint degeneration
genitourinary changes of older adults -decreased bladder capacity
-prostate hypertrophy (males)
-decrease in estrogen + testosterone production
-atrophy of breast tissue (females)
endocrine changes of older adults -lowered T3 production
-decreased sensitivity to insulin
immune system changes of older adults -decreased antibodies
-increased AUTOimmune response
-decreased core body temp
-decreased T-Cell function
-decreased stress response
-decreased response to immunizations
A nurse is obtaining a health history from C, D, E
an older adult client as part of a
comprehensive physical examination.
Which of the following findings should
the nurse expect as associated with
aging? (SATA)
A. skin thickening
B.increased saliva production
C. decreased height
D.nail thickening
E. decreased bladder capacity
delirium -acute + temporary
-often caused by physiological source or change in
environment
-1st manifestation of UTI in older adults
What is often the 1st manifestation of a UTI delirium
in older adults?
dementia Chronic, progressive
Ex. Alzheimer's, vascular dementia
, A nurse is counseling an older adult who D. "I keep forgetting which medications I have taken during
describes having difficulty dealing with the day."
several issues. Which of the following
problems verbalized by the client should Explanation: The nurse should identify that the greatest risk to
the nurse identify as the priority? this client is injury from overdosing or underdosing
A. "I spent my whole life dreaming about medications due to loss of short-term memory. The priority
retirement, and now I wish I had my job issue is to assist the client to implement safe medication
back." strategies. Assist the client to use a pill organizer to help them
B. "It's been so stressful for me to have to remember to take their medications and to keep a list of all
depend on my child to help around the current medications.
house."
C. "I just heard my friend Al died. That's the
third one in 3 months."
D. "I keep forgetting which medications I
have taken during the day."
A nurse is caring for an older adult C. decreased skin elasticity
client. Which of the following is an
expected age-related physiological
change for which the nurse should
monitor?
A. increased bone density
B. enhanced immune response
C. decreased skin elasticity
D. improved renal function
A nurse is caring for an older adult C. decreased renal blood flow
client. Which of the following is an
expected age-related physiological
change in the renal system for which the
nurse should monitor?
A. increased glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
B. enhanced ability to concentrate urine
C. decreased renal blood flow
D. improved electrolyte balance
A nurse is caring for an older adult B. reduced heart rate variability
client. Which of the following is an
expected age-related physiological
change in the
cardiovascular system for which the
nurse should monitor?
A. increased cardiac output
B. reduced heart rate variability
C. decreased arterial stiffness
D. improved myocardial contractility
