BLD 313 Exam 1 Comprehensive Resource To Help You Ace
2026-2027 Exams Includes Frequently Tested Questions
With ELABORATED 100% Correct COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Guaranteed Pass First Attempt!! Current Update!!
1. Which of the following statements best describes a quality assurance program of clinical
laboratories?
a) Clinical laboratories' delivery of the accurate and reliable testing results promptly to
other healthcare professionals
b) To maintain the high quality patient care by constantly examining every aspect of an
entire operation of the hospital that provides the care
c) Check every aspect of the entire testing process including pre-analytical, analytical and
post-analytical phases
d) The requirements of quality assurance program of clinical laboratories are regulated by
FDA. - Correct Answer: Check every aspect of the entire testing process including
pre-analytical, analytical and post-analytical phases
2. Which of the following is an example of preanalytical error?
a) A test result mis-read by a nurse.
b) An instrument that is mis-caliberated.
c) A specimen that is mislabeled
d) A test that runs without controls. - Correct Answer: c)A specimen that is mislabeled
3. Which of the following is NOT a part of the quality assurance program of a clinical
laboratory?
a) Refer patients to specialists based on appropriate test results
b) Quality control
c) Staff performance evaluation
d) Generating standard operating procedures (SOPs) - Correct Answer: Refer patients to
specialists based on appropriate test results
,4. Which of the following best describes quality control in clinical laboratories?
a) It ensures a particular test method is working properly.
b) It ensures the test results are reported properly to other health professionals.
c) It covers all policies and procedures of a clinical laboratory.
d) It is the same as quality assurance. - Correct Answer: It ensures a particular test
method is working properly.
5. A patient had a new screening test for HIV. The test indicated that the patient is not infected.
But actually he is infected. Which of the following properly describes the test result?
a) True negative
b) False negative
c) True positive
d) False positive - Correct Answer: b)False negative
6. Attributable risk - Correct Answer: It measures excess risk that is attributed to the
exposure.
7. Relative risk - Correct Answer: a likelihood to have the incident in an exposed group
compared to non-exposed group
8. Cohort study - Correct Answer: Choose a population and separate them into two groups
(with or without exposure) A researcher follow their life from now to check if they will have an
incident or not.
9. Case-control study - Correct Answer: Choose two groups (with or without incident). A
researcher goes back thru their history to check if they have been exposed to the factor or not.
,10. Odd ratio - Correct Answer: a measurement of association between an exposure and an
outcome
11. A disease is treatable and has very poor prognosis if untreated. There is no serious
consequence associated with false positive result. Which of the following test is desirable for
diagnosis of such disease?
a) A test with high diagnostic specificity
b) A test with low false positives
c) A test with high diagnostic sensitivity
d) None of the above. - Correct Answer: A test with high diagnostic sensitivity
12. How do we interpret relative risk? - Correct Answer: Relative risk higher than 1 =
positive association, causal
13. Which of the following statement is true about population and individual risks?
a) Both population and individual risks can be measured same way.
b) Individual risk is an another name for population risk.
c) Individual risks can be calculated easily.
d) 658/
e)
f)
g) Not everyone exposed to the population risk factors develops the disease. - Correct
Answer: Not everyone exposed to the population risk factors develops the disease.
mean - Correct Answer: average
Median - Correct Answer: value occurs in the middle of the population
precision - Correct Answer: random variation
, accuracy - Correct Answer: how close to the true value
For most analytes, normal reference range is set as a 95% confidence interval of normal
population. This is equal to? - Correct Answer: ± 2SD
Which of the following individuals should be excluded when establishing a normal reference
range for blood pressure?
a)An 18-year-old taxi driver
b)A 40-year-old professional athlete who plays gymnastics
c)A 45-years old school teacher who had a heart attack last year
d)A 32-year-old woman - Correct Answer: C
Which of the following can be used to partition groups into subclasses when establishing a
normal reference range for Hgb (hemoglobin)?
a)Occupation
b)Recreational drug use
c)Age
d)Each type of disease - Correct Answer: C
Which of following is NOT helpful to decided if a normal reference range needs to be
partitioned for subclass?
a) size of the subclass population
b)Z test
c)comparison of SD
2026-2027 Exams Includes Frequently Tested Questions
With ELABORATED 100% Correct COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Guaranteed Pass First Attempt!! Current Update!!
1. Which of the following statements best describes a quality assurance program of clinical
laboratories?
a) Clinical laboratories' delivery of the accurate and reliable testing results promptly to
other healthcare professionals
b) To maintain the high quality patient care by constantly examining every aspect of an
entire operation of the hospital that provides the care
c) Check every aspect of the entire testing process including pre-analytical, analytical and
post-analytical phases
d) The requirements of quality assurance program of clinical laboratories are regulated by
FDA. - Correct Answer: Check every aspect of the entire testing process including
pre-analytical, analytical and post-analytical phases
2. Which of the following is an example of preanalytical error?
a) A test result mis-read by a nurse.
b) An instrument that is mis-caliberated.
c) A specimen that is mislabeled
d) A test that runs without controls. - Correct Answer: c)A specimen that is mislabeled
3. Which of the following is NOT a part of the quality assurance program of a clinical
laboratory?
a) Refer patients to specialists based on appropriate test results
b) Quality control
c) Staff performance evaluation
d) Generating standard operating procedures (SOPs) - Correct Answer: Refer patients to
specialists based on appropriate test results
,4. Which of the following best describes quality control in clinical laboratories?
a) It ensures a particular test method is working properly.
b) It ensures the test results are reported properly to other health professionals.
c) It covers all policies and procedures of a clinical laboratory.
d) It is the same as quality assurance. - Correct Answer: It ensures a particular test
method is working properly.
5. A patient had a new screening test for HIV. The test indicated that the patient is not infected.
But actually he is infected. Which of the following properly describes the test result?
a) True negative
b) False negative
c) True positive
d) False positive - Correct Answer: b)False negative
6. Attributable risk - Correct Answer: It measures excess risk that is attributed to the
exposure.
7. Relative risk - Correct Answer: a likelihood to have the incident in an exposed group
compared to non-exposed group
8. Cohort study - Correct Answer: Choose a population and separate them into two groups
(with or without exposure) A researcher follow their life from now to check if they will have an
incident or not.
9. Case-control study - Correct Answer: Choose two groups (with or without incident). A
researcher goes back thru their history to check if they have been exposed to the factor or not.
,10. Odd ratio - Correct Answer: a measurement of association between an exposure and an
outcome
11. A disease is treatable and has very poor prognosis if untreated. There is no serious
consequence associated with false positive result. Which of the following test is desirable for
diagnosis of such disease?
a) A test with high diagnostic specificity
b) A test with low false positives
c) A test with high diagnostic sensitivity
d) None of the above. - Correct Answer: A test with high diagnostic sensitivity
12. How do we interpret relative risk? - Correct Answer: Relative risk higher than 1 =
positive association, causal
13. Which of the following statement is true about population and individual risks?
a) Both population and individual risks can be measured same way.
b) Individual risk is an another name for population risk.
c) Individual risks can be calculated easily.
d) 658/
e)
f)
g) Not everyone exposed to the population risk factors develops the disease. - Correct
Answer: Not everyone exposed to the population risk factors develops the disease.
mean - Correct Answer: average
Median - Correct Answer: value occurs in the middle of the population
precision - Correct Answer: random variation
, accuracy - Correct Answer: how close to the true value
For most analytes, normal reference range is set as a 95% confidence interval of normal
population. This is equal to? - Correct Answer: ± 2SD
Which of the following individuals should be excluded when establishing a normal reference
range for blood pressure?
a)An 18-year-old taxi driver
b)A 40-year-old professional athlete who plays gymnastics
c)A 45-years old school teacher who had a heart attack last year
d)A 32-year-old woman - Correct Answer: C
Which of the following can be used to partition groups into subclasses when establishing a
normal reference range for Hgb (hemoglobin)?
a)Occupation
b)Recreational drug use
c)Age
d)Each type of disease - Correct Answer: C
Which of following is NOT helpful to decided if a normal reference range needs to be
partitioned for subclass?
a) size of the subclass population
b)Z test
c)comparison of SD
