Nursingn (UnxNclex Pharmacolog Study GuChildren s Exam 1 - notes EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS WITH RATIONALE

Nursing (UNclex Pharmacolog Study
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Gu Children s Exam 1 - notes EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS WITH RATIONALE

,NSG 3600: Children’s Health— Exam #1
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Unit 1 & 2 Review/Study Guide Mendell
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in
Includes: Book, PPT, Mini Lesson, Lecture Notes, Key points
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Unit 1: Growth & Development & Immunizations and Infectious diseases
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Growth & Development
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Principals of Pediatric Nursing
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• Family Centered Care nx nx


o Family is recognized as the constant in a child’s life nx nx nx nx nx nx nx nx nx


o Systems must support, respect, encourage, and enhance the strength and competence of t
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he family nx


o The needs of all family members must be addressednx nx nx nx nx nx nx nx


▪ Parent needs to be involved in care nx nx nx nx nx nx


▪ Depending on age child needs to be involved in care nx nx nx nx nx nx nx nx nx


▪ Organize day by talking to family before performing any procedure nx nx nx nx nx nx nx nx nx


• Concept of “enabling” nx nx


o Families are given opportunities to display caring abilities and make develop new ones
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• Concept of “empowerment” nx nx


o Families are encouraged to maintain or acquire a sense of control and make positive changes
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• Accomplished through the parent-professional partnership nx nx nx nx


• Therapeutic/ Atraumatic Care nx nx


o The goal of providing atraumatic care is “first, do no harm.” Three principles to help achieve t
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his goal are: nx nx


▪ Prevent separation nx


▪ Promote sense of control nx nx nx


▪ Minimize bodily injury nx nx


• Advocacy
o Ensuring that families are informed: health services and care available, treatments a
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nd procedures nx


o Ensuring that families are involved in their child’s care nx nx nx nx nx nx nx nx


o Ensuring that families are encouraged to support or change health care practices
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Consent***
• Informed consent nx


o Requirements for obtaining nx nx


o Eligibility for giving nx nx


▪ Guardianship & Custody nx nx


• Age of majority/ competence
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o “Emancipated Minor” nx


o “Assent”
• Treatment without parental consent nx nx nx


o Parens Patriae is the power of the state to act as guardian for those who are unable to care for
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themselves, such as children or disabled individuals nx nx nx nx nx nx




Growth and Development
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• Continuously assess height and weight nx nx nx nx



• Sequential trends nx

, o Sequential trends are based on the concept that each child will normally pass through each sta
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ge of growth and development in a predictable sequence
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o These patterns, or trends, are universal and basic to all human beings, but each human bei
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ng accomplishes these in a manner and time unique to that individual
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Newborn/Infant: Birth to 1 Year nx nx nx nx



Reflexes and neurological devel
nx nx nx • Rooting: head turns and begins to suck when the check/lower lip
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opment: How to perform this ref
nx nx nx nx nx is stroked stroke cheek/lip
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lex? • Sucking: sucking motion of lips, mouth, and tongue survival
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reflex
• Palmar & palmar grasping: palms of hands/ soles of feet a
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re stroked, causing fingers or toes to scrunch up
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• Moro: startle response with sudden jarring causes extensions of th
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e head. Arms abduct & move upward. Hands for a “c”
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• Babinski: turning of foot & fanning out toes with sole stroked
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Physical development nx


• Rapid growth nx


• Double birth weight at nx nx nx

6m and triple at 1 ye
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ar
• Birth length increases nx nx

by 50% at 12 month
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s.
Fine Motor
nx • Transfer objects between hands nx nx nx


• Scribble
• Stack large objects 6-12m
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• Pincer grasp 9-12m nx nx




Gross Motor
nx • Raise head and chest while on belly/ roll on side 3m
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• No head lag 6m
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• Turn over 7 m nx nx nx


• Sits unsupported 8-9m
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• Crawl & pull up 8-10m nx nx nx nx




Cognitive Development nx


Piaget Theory
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• Sensorimotor: (Birth to age 2) nx nx nx nx




• primary means of cognition is through the senses
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Language Development nx • Crying, babbling, imitation influenced by social interaction
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• Social smile 2m (6-8 weeks)
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• Mama/dada 9-12m plus a few words nx nx nx nx nx




Psychosocial development: nx • Trust vs Mistrust (newborn to 1 year)
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Erikson Theory
nx nx • recognize that there are people that will meet their basic needs.
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• Result: Faith & Optimism nx nx nx




Nutrition • Breast milk or Formula nx nx nx


• Intro to solids 4-6 months
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, • Encourage self-feeding nx


• Finger foods nx


• Wean to cup 9-12mnx nx nx


• Family mealtime nx


• Change to whole milk: 12 m nx nx nx nx nx


Age- • Solitary Play: nx


appropriate activities (hos
nx nx • Mobiles
pitalization) • Rattles
• Squeak toys nx


• Cloth picture books
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• Balls
• Colored blocks nx


• Activity boxes nx


Anticipatory Guidance: nx • Teach parents what to expect with G&D
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• Sleep-wake patterns: have a nighttime routine nx nx nx nx nx


• Nutrition
• Safety: don’t leave them unattended
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Common Injuries nx • Head Injury nx


• Fracture from falls nx nx


• Burns
• MVA: Improperly installed car seat
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• Choking
• Suffocation by cord or string nx nx nx nx


Injury Prevention
nx • Child proofing house
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• Safety locks nx


• Crib
• Car seat
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• Warming bottles nx


• No hot food or liquids
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• CLOSE SUPERVISION nx


• No walkers
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• No long cords or removable toys
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• Test water temp <120F
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Immunizations • HEP B nx


• RV
• Dtap
• Hib
• PVC13
• IPV
• Influenza
• !2m: MMR, Varicella, Hep A
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Nursing Implications for the Ho
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spitalized patient: Mini Lesson
nx nx nx • During hospitalization, an infant’s emerging skills may disappear.
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• Baby may be inconsolable due to separation anxiety.
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• Parents must be part of infant’s care.
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• Respect schedule & implement similar.
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• Speak to & console infant. Direct preparation & teaching t
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o parents.
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• Toys for hospitalized infants: mobiles, rattles, squeak toys, clot
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h picture books, balls, colored blocks & activity boxes.
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