CSET SPANISH SUBTEST 2 COMPLETE EXAM
REVIEW WITH FULL SOLUTIONS
●● Phonetics
Answer: The Study of human speech sounds
●● Grammar
Answer: Influenced by both sound and meaning (Morphology, syntax,
and phonology).
●● Pragmatics
Answer: The Study of the use of language in context... deals with how
listeners arrive at intended meaning of speaking.
●● Phonology
Answer: The Branch of linguistics which studies how sounds are
organized, and used in natural language.
Ex: time [t] & dime [d] Identical words, except beginning sounds.
●● Allophone
Answer: Phones which are phonetically similar but not the same and
which are treated as the same in linguistic communication; or the sound
,which are phonetically different but do not make one word different
from another in meaning.
Ex: pat, spin, cup
These are sounds that are perceptibly different but do not distinguish
words.
P^h - Pat (aspirated)
P- Spin (not aspirated)
P^o- Cup (your lips remain closed; /p/ is unreleased)
●● Allophone
Answer: Is a set of multiple spoken sounds (or phones) used to
pronounce a single phoneme. For example, [p^h] (as in pin) and [p] (as
in spin) are multiple spoken sounds for the phoneme /p/ in the English
language. Although a phoneme's variation of spoken sounds are all
alternative pronunciations for a phoneme, the specific alternative sound
selected in a given situation is often predictable. Changing the
alternative sounds used by native speakers for a given phoneme in a
specific context usually will not change the meaning of a word but the
results may sound non-native or unintelligible. Native speakers of a
given language usually perceive one phoneme in their language as a
single distinctive sound in that language and are "both unaware of and
even shocked by "all the different variations used to pronounce single
phonemes.
●● Morphology
, Answer: The study of the structure of the words and how words are
formed.
●● Morphemes
Answer: Minimal units of words that have a meaning and cannot be
subdivided any further. There are two types.
●● Bound Morphemes
Answer: The smallest unit that has meaning but cannot stand alone. (A
morpheme that must be attached to another morpheme and cannot stand
alone.) Affix are often this type of morpheme. It also includes prefixes
(added to the beginning of another morpheme), suffices (added to the
end), infixes (inserted into other morphemes), and circumfixes (attached
to another morpheme at the beginning and end)
Ex: o, as, a, amos, an (the ending of any grammatical change in a verb.
●● Free Morphemes
Answer: The smallest unit that has meaning and can stand alone. (or A
morphene that does not need to be attached to another morpheme and
can stand alone)
1) open class/ lexical/content
-verb, noun, adjective, and adverb.
2) closed class/function/grammatical
REVIEW WITH FULL SOLUTIONS
●● Phonetics
Answer: The Study of human speech sounds
●● Grammar
Answer: Influenced by both sound and meaning (Morphology, syntax,
and phonology).
●● Pragmatics
Answer: The Study of the use of language in context... deals with how
listeners arrive at intended meaning of speaking.
●● Phonology
Answer: The Branch of linguistics which studies how sounds are
organized, and used in natural language.
Ex: time [t] & dime [d] Identical words, except beginning sounds.
●● Allophone
Answer: Phones which are phonetically similar but not the same and
which are treated as the same in linguistic communication; or the sound
,which are phonetically different but do not make one word different
from another in meaning.
Ex: pat, spin, cup
These are sounds that are perceptibly different but do not distinguish
words.
P^h - Pat (aspirated)
P- Spin (not aspirated)
P^o- Cup (your lips remain closed; /p/ is unreleased)
●● Allophone
Answer: Is a set of multiple spoken sounds (or phones) used to
pronounce a single phoneme. For example, [p^h] (as in pin) and [p] (as
in spin) are multiple spoken sounds for the phoneme /p/ in the English
language. Although a phoneme's variation of spoken sounds are all
alternative pronunciations for a phoneme, the specific alternative sound
selected in a given situation is often predictable. Changing the
alternative sounds used by native speakers for a given phoneme in a
specific context usually will not change the meaning of a word but the
results may sound non-native or unintelligible. Native speakers of a
given language usually perceive one phoneme in their language as a
single distinctive sound in that language and are "both unaware of and
even shocked by "all the different variations used to pronounce single
phonemes.
●● Morphology
, Answer: The study of the structure of the words and how words are
formed.
●● Morphemes
Answer: Minimal units of words that have a meaning and cannot be
subdivided any further. There are two types.
●● Bound Morphemes
Answer: The smallest unit that has meaning but cannot stand alone. (A
morpheme that must be attached to another morpheme and cannot stand
alone.) Affix are often this type of morpheme. It also includes prefixes
(added to the beginning of another morpheme), suffices (added to the
end), infixes (inserted into other morphemes), and circumfixes (attached
to another morpheme at the beginning and end)
Ex: o, as, a, amos, an (the ending of any grammatical change in a verb.
●● Free Morphemes
Answer: The smallest unit that has meaning and can stand alone. (or A
morphene that does not need to be attached to another morpheme and
can stand alone)
1) open class/ lexical/content
-verb, noun, adjective, and adverb.
2) closed class/function/grammatical
