BIO 253 FINAL EXAM WITH CORRECT ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECTLY WELL DEFINED ANSWERS LATEST ALREADY
GRADED A+ 2026
Organelles are - (answer)
Organs of the Urinary system - (answer)kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
draw and label a kidney with the following terms: Cortex, Medulla, Pelvis, renal artery, renal vein, ureter,
nephron - (answer)
functional unit of the kidney - (answer)nephron
1 million per kidney!
What parts make up the nephron? - (answer)Renal corpuscle
Renal tubule
Glomerulus (capillaries that filter the blood plasma)
Bowman's capsule (surrounds the glomerulus)
Efferent arteriole
loop of henle
What is the glomerulus made of? - (answer)capillaries
Function of a nephron - (answer)filter blood and produce urine
Two nephron types - (answer)juxtamedullary and cortical
juxtamedullary nephrons - (answer)-Long nephron loops deeply invade medulla
-Ascending limbs have thick and thin segments
-Important in production of concentrated urine
,BIO 253 FINAL EXAM WITH CORRECT ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECTLY WELL DEFINED ANSWERS LATEST ALREADY
GRADED A+ 2026
-found at the boundary of the cortex and medulla
cortical nephrons - (answer)-85% of all nephrons
-short nephron loops
-efferent arterioles branch into peritubular capillaries around PCT and DCT
How is urine made in the kidney? - (answer)1.)Reabsorption - moving substances with tubule into the
blood.
2.)filtration - occurs in the glomerulus or renal corpuscle
3.)secretion
4.)filtration
driving force for filtration - (answer)hydrostatic pressure or BP
What fluid comes out of the glomerulus? - (answer)filtrate
What is filtrate? - (answer)mostly water, electrolytes, nutrients, and waste products. Glucose is normal in
filtrate.
-similar to blood plasma
Reabsorption in the Nephron Loop - (answer)Only water is absorbed in the descending limb. Na+
chloride is absorbed in the ascending limb (no water).
Status of water coming out of nephron loop? - (answer)@ Lowest concentration (diluted)
Process taking place in nephron loop? - (answer)Countercurrent mechanism (dilutes the urine). Can also
create concentrated urine from the Na+ absorbed in the ascending limb.
, BIO 253 FINAL EXAM WITH CORRECT ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECTLY WELL DEFINED ANSWERS LATEST ALREADY
GRADED A+ 2026
tubular secretion - (answer)-selectively moves substances from blood to filtrate in renal tubules and
collecting ducts
-From blood to tubular
-Usually in the distal tubule
-K+, H+, Uric acid, Penicillin are secreted
Hormones that regulate kidney function - (answer)directly :
ADH
Aldosterone
ANH
indirectly :
Renin (created by kidney)
Angiotensin
Aldosterone function - (answer)-decreases sodium and water loss in urine by returning sodium and
water to the blood
Aldosterone: Target Cells - (answer)kidneys
ANH function - (answer)Tells kidneys that blood volume is too high, so dumps out H20 and Na+
Effects of ADH - (answer)increases reabsorption of water from urine back into plasma and therefore,
decreases the volume of water that is excreted
-secreted by posterior pituitary gland
-when a person is dehydrated, hypothalamus makes them thirsty and retains more water because of the
ADH
CORRECTLY WELL DEFINED ANSWERS LATEST ALREADY
GRADED A+ 2026
Organelles are - (answer)
Organs of the Urinary system - (answer)kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
draw and label a kidney with the following terms: Cortex, Medulla, Pelvis, renal artery, renal vein, ureter,
nephron - (answer)
functional unit of the kidney - (answer)nephron
1 million per kidney!
What parts make up the nephron? - (answer)Renal corpuscle
Renal tubule
Glomerulus (capillaries that filter the blood plasma)
Bowman's capsule (surrounds the glomerulus)
Efferent arteriole
loop of henle
What is the glomerulus made of? - (answer)capillaries
Function of a nephron - (answer)filter blood and produce urine
Two nephron types - (answer)juxtamedullary and cortical
juxtamedullary nephrons - (answer)-Long nephron loops deeply invade medulla
-Ascending limbs have thick and thin segments
-Important in production of concentrated urine
,BIO 253 FINAL EXAM WITH CORRECT ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECTLY WELL DEFINED ANSWERS LATEST ALREADY
GRADED A+ 2026
-found at the boundary of the cortex and medulla
cortical nephrons - (answer)-85% of all nephrons
-short nephron loops
-efferent arterioles branch into peritubular capillaries around PCT and DCT
How is urine made in the kidney? - (answer)1.)Reabsorption - moving substances with tubule into the
blood.
2.)filtration - occurs in the glomerulus or renal corpuscle
3.)secretion
4.)filtration
driving force for filtration - (answer)hydrostatic pressure or BP
What fluid comes out of the glomerulus? - (answer)filtrate
What is filtrate? - (answer)mostly water, electrolytes, nutrients, and waste products. Glucose is normal in
filtrate.
-similar to blood plasma
Reabsorption in the Nephron Loop - (answer)Only water is absorbed in the descending limb. Na+
chloride is absorbed in the ascending limb (no water).
Status of water coming out of nephron loop? - (answer)@ Lowest concentration (diluted)
Process taking place in nephron loop? - (answer)Countercurrent mechanism (dilutes the urine). Can also
create concentrated urine from the Na+ absorbed in the ascending limb.
, BIO 253 FINAL EXAM WITH CORRECT ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECTLY WELL DEFINED ANSWERS LATEST ALREADY
GRADED A+ 2026
tubular secretion - (answer)-selectively moves substances from blood to filtrate in renal tubules and
collecting ducts
-From blood to tubular
-Usually in the distal tubule
-K+, H+, Uric acid, Penicillin are secreted
Hormones that regulate kidney function - (answer)directly :
ADH
Aldosterone
ANH
indirectly :
Renin (created by kidney)
Angiotensin
Aldosterone function - (answer)-decreases sodium and water loss in urine by returning sodium and
water to the blood
Aldosterone: Target Cells - (answer)kidneys
ANH function - (answer)Tells kidneys that blood volume is too high, so dumps out H20 and Na+
Effects of ADH - (answer)increases reabsorption of water from urine back into plasma and therefore,
decreases the volume of water that is excreted
-secreted by posterior pituitary gland
-when a person is dehydrated, hypothalamus makes them thirsty and retains more water because of the
ADH
