MCB 3023 EXAM 4 QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERS
Which is an example of innate immunity? - Answers - The removal of a bacterial cell in
the lungs by a resident macrophage
For most pathogenic bacteria, what is the first step it takes to facilitate entry into its
host? - Answers - attachment
Pathogenic E. coli strain O157:H7 evolved from a non-pathogenic strain as a result of
this genetic change. - Answers - The acquisition of virulence genes via horizontal gene
transfer
All of the following are components that may be used by a pathogen for attachment to a
host cell EXCEPT: - Answers - cellulases
In order to cause a fast spreading disease, successful infectious pathogens must be
able to do ALL of the following EXCEPT: - Answers - kill the host
How does vertical transmission of a pathogen occur? - Answers - from mother to
offspring
An attachment structure which aids in overcoming the charge repulsion between
host/microbe cells is: - Answers - fimbriae
Which of these is NOT a mechanism of horizontal gene transfer? - Answers - inherited
DNA from mother cell to daughter cell
The Ebola virus is transmitted by a ____________ mechanism - Answers - zoonotic
What are the two main functions of B cells? - Answers - Activation of helper T cells and
antibody production
Evolution of viruses by reassortment causes dramatic changes to the virus. This is
referred to as - Answers - antigenic shift
What does a high case-to-infection ratio (CI) indicate - Answers - that most people
infected by the pathogen will develop the disease
What is the prevalence rate of a disease? - Answers - the number of cases the disease
within a specified number of the population
, This is an example of a virus known to undergo evolutionary change by reassortment of
genetic elements: - Answers - influenza virus
Why do RNA viruses have a high mutation rate? - Answers - Their RNA-dependent
RNA polymerases lack a proofreading function
Bacteria can 'steal' iron from host cells through their production of: - Answers -
siderophores
Most primary endosymbionts of insects have all these in common, EXCEPT: - Answers
- nitrogen fixation genes
Which of these contains zooxanthellae as photosynthetic symbionts? - Answers - corals
When the diet of a ruminant is drastically changed from grass to a starch rich diet, the
ruminant may become very ill or die because: - Answers - of the production of large
amounts of acid, resulting in acidosis
What is an endophyte? - Answers - A symbiont that lives inside plant cells
What is the electron donor for bacterial symbionts of tubeworms at hydrothermal vents?
- Answers - H2S
Humans have a: - Answers - colonic fermentation
An example of a rumen fermenter is the: - Answers - sheep
Leghemoglobin produced by plants is important for: - Answers - oxygen supply
What are Zooxanthellae? - Answers - Photosynthetic symbionts of corals
Which genes are encoding for subunits of nitrogenase, the main enzyme for nitrogen
fixation? - Answers - nif genes
These genes are important for root nodule formation: - Answers - nod
Camels have a: - Answers - rumen fermentation
How do termites obtain nitrogen in their diet? - Answers - From nitrogen fixing bacteria
in their gut
Many of the rumen bacteria specialize in the breakdown of these macromolecules: -
Answers - cellulose polymers
What is the human microbiome composed of? - Answers - All microbes that live on or
within the human body
ANSWERS
Which is an example of innate immunity? - Answers - The removal of a bacterial cell in
the lungs by a resident macrophage
For most pathogenic bacteria, what is the first step it takes to facilitate entry into its
host? - Answers - attachment
Pathogenic E. coli strain O157:H7 evolved from a non-pathogenic strain as a result of
this genetic change. - Answers - The acquisition of virulence genes via horizontal gene
transfer
All of the following are components that may be used by a pathogen for attachment to a
host cell EXCEPT: - Answers - cellulases
In order to cause a fast spreading disease, successful infectious pathogens must be
able to do ALL of the following EXCEPT: - Answers - kill the host
How does vertical transmission of a pathogen occur? - Answers - from mother to
offspring
An attachment structure which aids in overcoming the charge repulsion between
host/microbe cells is: - Answers - fimbriae
Which of these is NOT a mechanism of horizontal gene transfer? - Answers - inherited
DNA from mother cell to daughter cell
The Ebola virus is transmitted by a ____________ mechanism - Answers - zoonotic
What are the two main functions of B cells? - Answers - Activation of helper T cells and
antibody production
Evolution of viruses by reassortment causes dramatic changes to the virus. This is
referred to as - Answers - antigenic shift
What does a high case-to-infection ratio (CI) indicate - Answers - that most people
infected by the pathogen will develop the disease
What is the prevalence rate of a disease? - Answers - the number of cases the disease
within a specified number of the population
, This is an example of a virus known to undergo evolutionary change by reassortment of
genetic elements: - Answers - influenza virus
Why do RNA viruses have a high mutation rate? - Answers - Their RNA-dependent
RNA polymerases lack a proofreading function
Bacteria can 'steal' iron from host cells through their production of: - Answers -
siderophores
Most primary endosymbionts of insects have all these in common, EXCEPT: - Answers
- nitrogen fixation genes
Which of these contains zooxanthellae as photosynthetic symbionts? - Answers - corals
When the diet of a ruminant is drastically changed from grass to a starch rich diet, the
ruminant may become very ill or die because: - Answers - of the production of large
amounts of acid, resulting in acidosis
What is an endophyte? - Answers - A symbiont that lives inside plant cells
What is the electron donor for bacterial symbionts of tubeworms at hydrothermal vents?
- Answers - H2S
Humans have a: - Answers - colonic fermentation
An example of a rumen fermenter is the: - Answers - sheep
Leghemoglobin produced by plants is important for: - Answers - oxygen supply
What are Zooxanthellae? - Answers - Photosynthetic symbionts of corals
Which genes are encoding for subunits of nitrogenase, the main enzyme for nitrogen
fixation? - Answers - nif genes
These genes are important for root nodule formation: - Answers - nod
Camels have a: - Answers - rumen fermentation
How do termites obtain nitrogen in their diet? - Answers - From nitrogen fixing bacteria
in their gut
Many of the rumen bacteria specialize in the breakdown of these macromolecules: -
Answers - cellulose polymers
What is the human microbiome composed of? - Answers - All microbes that live on or
within the human body
