Nur 641 E Final Exam Study Guide Grand Canyon
University(Advanced Pathophysiology and Pharmacology)
Questions with Correct Answers (Grade A+)
Question 1: absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
Answer: Pharmacokinetics involves
Question 2: absorption from the administration site either directly or indirectly in the blood plasma
Answer: Pharmacokinetic absorption
Question 3: reversibly or irreversibly move from the bloodstream into the interstitial and intracellular
fluid
Answer: Parmacokinetic distribution
Question 4: biotransformed via hepatic metabolism or by other tissue
Answer: Pharmacokinetics metabolism
Question 5: 1. highest bioavailability 2. places entire does into venin thus bypassing absorption 3.
avoids hepatic first pass metabolism in the liver
Answer: Intravenous medications
Question 6: usually reached within 4-5 half lives of the drug
Answer: steady state medication
Question 7: 1.the time required for the elimination process to reduce 2.the concentration of the drug to
one half what it was at initial administration 3.determines drug frequency 4. predicts length of toxic
effects 5. constant first order pharmacokinetics of a drug
Answer: drug half life
Question 8: drug is metabolized at a constant rate per unit
Answer: zero order (nonlinear)
Page 1
, Question 9: metabolizes 50% drugs inhibit: grapefruit juice - increase drug -> adverse effects may
have enhanced activity with any other CYP3A4
Answer: CYP3A4
Question 10: 1. discovery or laboratory for development 2. Phase 1 begins with animal testing 3. phase
2 human subjects 4. compare drug to placebo or other drug that is effective 5.FDA then reviews result
and determines approval 6. Post market study to determine other side effects that were not seen while
lab testing
Answer: Six steps in drug development process
Question 11: 1.Institute of Safe mediation Practice 2. Institute of Medicine 3. Joint commission
4.National Coordinating Council form mediation error reporting and prevention 5. Food and Drug
Administration (safe use initiative)
Answer: organizations for medication safety
Question 12: 1.Also known as a side effect, an undesirable reaction that accompanies the principal
response for which the drug was taken include allergic reactions and adverse drug effects 2. Either
pharmacological or idiosyncratic 3. 85-90% of ADRs are pharmacological 4. Reporting is not
mandated by FDA thus are not commonly reported 5. usually preventable occur in hospital and
nursing homes due to med errors 6. Polypharmacy, multiple doctors and multiple pharmacies increase
risk
Answer: Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR)
Question 13: 1. end in pril: lisinopril, captopril, enalapril, ramipril, benazepril and fosinopril 2.
suppress release of angiotensin converting enzyme 3. side effects include cough and angioedema, with
angioedema the medication should be discontinued
Answer: Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
Question 14: 1. -sartan: candesartan, eprosartan, ibesartan, Isosartan, telmisartan, valsartan 2.block
angiotensin 11 receptors
Answer: Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)
Question 15: Essential HTN accounts for 90% of cases and is also called primary, secondary may be
caused by CKD
Answer: Essential vs Secondary HTN
Page 2
University(Advanced Pathophysiology and Pharmacology)
Questions with Correct Answers (Grade A+)
Question 1: absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
Answer: Pharmacokinetics involves
Question 2: absorption from the administration site either directly or indirectly in the blood plasma
Answer: Pharmacokinetic absorption
Question 3: reversibly or irreversibly move from the bloodstream into the interstitial and intracellular
fluid
Answer: Parmacokinetic distribution
Question 4: biotransformed via hepatic metabolism or by other tissue
Answer: Pharmacokinetics metabolism
Question 5: 1. highest bioavailability 2. places entire does into venin thus bypassing absorption 3.
avoids hepatic first pass metabolism in the liver
Answer: Intravenous medications
Question 6: usually reached within 4-5 half lives of the drug
Answer: steady state medication
Question 7: 1.the time required for the elimination process to reduce 2.the concentration of the drug to
one half what it was at initial administration 3.determines drug frequency 4. predicts length of toxic
effects 5. constant first order pharmacokinetics of a drug
Answer: drug half life
Question 8: drug is metabolized at a constant rate per unit
Answer: zero order (nonlinear)
Page 1
, Question 9: metabolizes 50% drugs inhibit: grapefruit juice - increase drug -> adverse effects may
have enhanced activity with any other CYP3A4
Answer: CYP3A4
Question 10: 1. discovery or laboratory for development 2. Phase 1 begins with animal testing 3. phase
2 human subjects 4. compare drug to placebo or other drug that is effective 5.FDA then reviews result
and determines approval 6. Post market study to determine other side effects that were not seen while
lab testing
Answer: Six steps in drug development process
Question 11: 1.Institute of Safe mediation Practice 2. Institute of Medicine 3. Joint commission
4.National Coordinating Council form mediation error reporting and prevention 5. Food and Drug
Administration (safe use initiative)
Answer: organizations for medication safety
Question 12: 1.Also known as a side effect, an undesirable reaction that accompanies the principal
response for which the drug was taken include allergic reactions and adverse drug effects 2. Either
pharmacological or idiosyncratic 3. 85-90% of ADRs are pharmacological 4. Reporting is not
mandated by FDA thus are not commonly reported 5. usually preventable occur in hospital and
nursing homes due to med errors 6. Polypharmacy, multiple doctors and multiple pharmacies increase
risk
Answer: Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR)
Question 13: 1. end in pril: lisinopril, captopril, enalapril, ramipril, benazepril and fosinopril 2.
suppress release of angiotensin converting enzyme 3. side effects include cough and angioedema, with
angioedema the medication should be discontinued
Answer: Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
Question 14: 1. -sartan: candesartan, eprosartan, ibesartan, Isosartan, telmisartan, valsartan 2.block
angiotensin 11 receptors
Answer: Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)
Question 15: Essential HTN accounts for 90% of cases and is also called primary, secondary may be
caused by CKD
Answer: Essential vs Secondary HTN
Page 2
