WOUND CARE CERTIFICATION EXAM | 2026/2027 LATEST
UPDATED VERSION | QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS |
GRADED A+
term white collar crime -
ANSWER
-largely an academic or public use term
-it is a concept or a category
who coined the term "white collar crime"? -
ANSWER
Edwin Sutherland in 1939
-was influenced by conflict theorists like Marx
-immoralities of power, privileged, and wealthy have rarely been criminalized in the past
-immoralities of powerful have often been rationalized or excused as consequences of the character
and nature of capitalist society
why study white collar crime -
ANSWER
-wcc is a serious problem in our society
-more is lost to wcc than traditional property crimes like burglary (think value and confidence/trust)
-wcc offenses affect everyone (Bernie Madoff stole thousands of clients and created distrust in
society for financial institutions)
5 costs of White Collar Crime -
ANSWER
1) hard to estimate (lack of official data)
2) direct financial costs
-FBI estimates about $500 billion annually, compared to about $16 billion for personal property
crimes
3) indirect financial costs
4) physical costs
,5) moral costs
-Sutherland - the loss of trust
White Collar Crime victimology -
ANSWER
-victim profile is extensive, and diffuse, and hard to identify
-forms of victimization often defined as "accidents" or "disasters"
-victims either primary, secondary, or tertiary
differences between primary, secondary, and tertiary victims -
ANSWER
1) Primary
- people who are directly victimized
2) Secondary
- organizations that may be directly affected
3) Tertiary
-more abstract ideas - "society is a victim"
issues in determining criminality of white collar crime -
ANSWER
-intent or willful negligence
-responsibility (liability)
-time frame
-extent of losses
-organizations as victims (size, impersonality, division of labor make victimizing easier)
-suffering (economic, physical, psychological)
5 research strategies -
ANSWER
1) surveys
2) archival research
, 3) field research
4) experiments
5) case studies
surveys -
ANSWER
-can be aimed at justice officials, the public, victims, and offenders
-may provide insights into dynamics, causes, and consequences of WCC
archival research -
ANSWER
-research using records or databases like case records, pre-sentencing reports, media reports, and
case descriptions
-data isn't necessarily crime data
field research -
ANSWER
-strategies where researchers enter a particular setting and gather data through their observations
in those settings
-ex: researcher (stannard) worked as a janitor to observe workplace crimes in a nursing home
experiments -
ANSWER
-researchers examine how the presence of one variable produces an outcome
-ex: studies revealing how "ethical work climate" may have influenced employee theft
-not used in wcc/crime in general very often for ethical reasons
case studies -
ANSWER
-most common research strategy
-select a particular crime, criminal event, or other phenomena and study features surrounding the
causes and consequences of those specific cases/phenomena
UPDATED VERSION | QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS |
GRADED A+
term white collar crime -
ANSWER
-largely an academic or public use term
-it is a concept or a category
who coined the term "white collar crime"? -
ANSWER
Edwin Sutherland in 1939
-was influenced by conflict theorists like Marx
-immoralities of power, privileged, and wealthy have rarely been criminalized in the past
-immoralities of powerful have often been rationalized or excused as consequences of the character
and nature of capitalist society
why study white collar crime -
ANSWER
-wcc is a serious problem in our society
-more is lost to wcc than traditional property crimes like burglary (think value and confidence/trust)
-wcc offenses affect everyone (Bernie Madoff stole thousands of clients and created distrust in
society for financial institutions)
5 costs of White Collar Crime -
ANSWER
1) hard to estimate (lack of official data)
2) direct financial costs
-FBI estimates about $500 billion annually, compared to about $16 billion for personal property
crimes
3) indirect financial costs
4) physical costs
,5) moral costs
-Sutherland - the loss of trust
White Collar Crime victimology -
ANSWER
-victim profile is extensive, and diffuse, and hard to identify
-forms of victimization often defined as "accidents" or "disasters"
-victims either primary, secondary, or tertiary
differences between primary, secondary, and tertiary victims -
ANSWER
1) Primary
- people who are directly victimized
2) Secondary
- organizations that may be directly affected
3) Tertiary
-more abstract ideas - "society is a victim"
issues in determining criminality of white collar crime -
ANSWER
-intent or willful negligence
-responsibility (liability)
-time frame
-extent of losses
-organizations as victims (size, impersonality, division of labor make victimizing easier)
-suffering (economic, physical, psychological)
5 research strategies -
ANSWER
1) surveys
2) archival research
, 3) field research
4) experiments
5) case studies
surveys -
ANSWER
-can be aimed at justice officials, the public, victims, and offenders
-may provide insights into dynamics, causes, and consequences of WCC
archival research -
ANSWER
-research using records or databases like case records, pre-sentencing reports, media reports, and
case descriptions
-data isn't necessarily crime data
field research -
ANSWER
-strategies where researchers enter a particular setting and gather data through their observations
in those settings
-ex: researcher (stannard) worked as a janitor to observe workplace crimes in a nursing home
experiments -
ANSWER
-researchers examine how the presence of one variable produces an outcome
-ex: studies revealing how "ethical work climate" may have influenced employee theft
-not used in wcc/crime in general very often for ethical reasons
case studies -
ANSWER
-most common research strategy
-select a particular crime, criminal event, or other phenomena and study features surrounding the
causes and consequences of those specific cases/phenomena
