BIOL 207 MIDTERM 1 QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERS
Which stage does DNA replication occur? - Answers - S phase
What are the 3 cohesin proteins? - Answers - Smc3, Smc1, Scc1
What do protected cohesins hold together? - Answers - sister chromatids
When are cohesin rings broken? - Answers - before anaphase
how many chromosomes are in an embryo to adult stage? - Answers - 2n=46
how much DNA is in a 2n organism at G1, S, G2, M? - Answers - 2c, 4c, 4c, 2c
what do unprotected cohesins hold together? - Answers - homologous chromosomes
Do protected or unportected cohesins get broken during anaphase 1? - Answers -
unprotected
anaphase 2 breaks which cohesins? - Answers - protected
spermatogenesis and oogenesis are what type of process? - Answers - gametogenesis
Oogenesis: what are the end products? - Answers - one large haploid cell and polar
bodies
Process of oogenesis? - Answers - 1) meiosis in fetus
2) pause in prophase 1
3) puberty - once a month cells resume meiosis, enter oviduct, can be fertilized
dizygotic twins occur how? - Answers - fraternal twins - 2 zygotes, 2 blastocysts
two ways monozygotic twins occur? (least common) - Answers - 1 zygote splits at the
two cell stage, 2 blastocysts OR 1 blastocyst splits into two -- same membrane for
pregnancy
Corn produces ... - Answers - pollen and eggs
yeast produces... - Answers - a/alpha cells that produce a and alpha cells through
meiosis
cell fusion - Answers - haploid yeast cells do this to make diploid cells (a/alpha cells)
, what process makes one multicellular organism or many unicellular organisms -
Answers - mitosis
can alpha fuse with alpha cells - Answers - no. alpha can only fuse with a
meisosis of a/alpha cell produces... - Answers - two a and two alpha cells
yeast uses what mechanism during mitosis - Answers - budding
nucleic acid rules? (5) - Answers - 1) made using triphosphate nucleotides
2) made 5' to 3'
3) made using ssDNA template
4) pair antiparallel
5) pair with complimentary base pairing
prokaryotic DNA and organelle DNA is ... - Answers - circular
eukaryotic DNA is ... - Answers - linear
DNA pols cannot reach the ends of DNA. What is the solution? (2 parts) - Answers - 1)
telomere DNA (sacrificial)
2) telomerase - makes telomeres
DNA is too long. What is the solution? - Answers - thousands of oris on each
chromosome
Does Telomerase use ssDNA as the template? - Answers - no. Telomerase uses RNA
as a template
Since telomerase uses RNA to make DNA, it is referred to as a .... - Answers - RNA -
dependent DNA polymerase
Histone proteins wrap DNA around it. DNA + Histones = - Answers - nucleosome
What do condensins do? - Answers - hold together loops within chromatid
*Cohesin holds sister chromatids together*
chromosomes in metaphase contain: - Answers - histones, DNA, Cohesins, and
condensins
centromere in the middle - Answers - metacentric
centromere at the end - Answers - telocentric
centromere towards one end - Answers - acrocentric
ANSWERS
Which stage does DNA replication occur? - Answers - S phase
What are the 3 cohesin proteins? - Answers - Smc3, Smc1, Scc1
What do protected cohesins hold together? - Answers - sister chromatids
When are cohesin rings broken? - Answers - before anaphase
how many chromosomes are in an embryo to adult stage? - Answers - 2n=46
how much DNA is in a 2n organism at G1, S, G2, M? - Answers - 2c, 4c, 4c, 2c
what do unprotected cohesins hold together? - Answers - homologous chromosomes
Do protected or unportected cohesins get broken during anaphase 1? - Answers -
unprotected
anaphase 2 breaks which cohesins? - Answers - protected
spermatogenesis and oogenesis are what type of process? - Answers - gametogenesis
Oogenesis: what are the end products? - Answers - one large haploid cell and polar
bodies
Process of oogenesis? - Answers - 1) meiosis in fetus
2) pause in prophase 1
3) puberty - once a month cells resume meiosis, enter oviduct, can be fertilized
dizygotic twins occur how? - Answers - fraternal twins - 2 zygotes, 2 blastocysts
two ways monozygotic twins occur? (least common) - Answers - 1 zygote splits at the
two cell stage, 2 blastocysts OR 1 blastocyst splits into two -- same membrane for
pregnancy
Corn produces ... - Answers - pollen and eggs
yeast produces... - Answers - a/alpha cells that produce a and alpha cells through
meiosis
cell fusion - Answers - haploid yeast cells do this to make diploid cells (a/alpha cells)
, what process makes one multicellular organism or many unicellular organisms -
Answers - mitosis
can alpha fuse with alpha cells - Answers - no. alpha can only fuse with a
meisosis of a/alpha cell produces... - Answers - two a and two alpha cells
yeast uses what mechanism during mitosis - Answers - budding
nucleic acid rules? (5) - Answers - 1) made using triphosphate nucleotides
2) made 5' to 3'
3) made using ssDNA template
4) pair antiparallel
5) pair with complimentary base pairing
prokaryotic DNA and organelle DNA is ... - Answers - circular
eukaryotic DNA is ... - Answers - linear
DNA pols cannot reach the ends of DNA. What is the solution? (2 parts) - Answers - 1)
telomere DNA (sacrificial)
2) telomerase - makes telomeres
DNA is too long. What is the solution? - Answers - thousands of oris on each
chromosome
Does Telomerase use ssDNA as the template? - Answers - no. Telomerase uses RNA
as a template
Since telomerase uses RNA to make DNA, it is referred to as a .... - Answers - RNA -
dependent DNA polymerase
Histone proteins wrap DNA around it. DNA + Histones = - Answers - nucleosome
What do condensins do? - Answers - hold together loops within chromatid
*Cohesin holds sister chromatids together*
chromosomes in metaphase contain: - Answers - histones, DNA, Cohesins, and
condensins
centromere in the middle - Answers - metacentric
centromere at the end - Answers - telocentric
centromere towards one end - Answers - acrocentric
