NCEA Test.Final Exam 2026\2027.
What is absent in a hypo-pigmentation disorder?
pigment is lacking
Dyschromia
Abnormal pigmentation
What causes post inflammatory hyper-pigmentation?
occurs from injury or trauma to the skin with inflammation. often a result of
an acne condition or surgery.
Folliculitis
bacterial infection of a hair follicle
MRSA and how to prevent it
an extremely dangerous bacterium that is often found in healthcare
settings and in particular surgical settings, spread by touching membranes
like the nose. Diligent hand washing before and after using the restroom is
recommended.
Importance if knowing and recognizing disorders and diseases of the
skin.
The combinations of a variety of factors influence the skin and create the
current state of the skin.
Glogau Classification System
is based on a client's aging analysis and photodamage as indicators for the
skin's condition.
Extrinsic Aging
controllable factors that contribute to the aging of skin, ex- sun exposure,
environmental factors, etc.
Fitzpatrick Skin Type Classification
based on basal skin color and the skin's response to ultraviolet radiation
exposure.
How to identify acne
,NCEA Test.Final Exam 2026\2027.
visible comedones (blackheads, whiteheads, papules, pustules, nodules,
cysts)
3 types of telangiectasia
1. erythema
2. permanently dilated superficial vessels
3. sensitivity to extreme hot/cold temps, products and chemicals
Combination Skin Characteristics
combination of dry and oily areas
Sensitive Skin Characteristics
sensitive to touch
prone to erythema and irritation
Oily Skin Characteristics
Excessive sebum production
shiny and thick appearance
Dry Skin Characteristics
lack of sebum production
tendency to display fine lines and wrinkles
delicate and thin appearance
Normal Skin Characteristics
soft and smooth
even color and tone
balanced moisture content and sebum production
Skin Type Vs Skin Condition
Skin type - what you have from birth, the characteristics that are
programmed in your DNA from biological parents.
Skin Condition - the state of your skin right now as it is being influenced by
external factors like the environment and internal factors like health and
nutrition.
What is the function of the subcutaneous layer?
to serve as a source of reserve energy and as an insulating mechanism
What is found in the dermis?
, NCEA Test.Final Exam 2026\2027.
connective tissue, sebaceous and sweat glands, blood and lymph vessels,
nerve fibers, hair follicles.
Melanin production is influenced by
genetics, hormones, and environment
5 layers of the epidermis
stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum,
stratum germinativium
Integymentary System
The skin; largest system in the body
Histology
the study of living tissues and the cells that work together to perform a
function
Physiology
the study of the functions of the organs and systems
Anatomy
The study of the organs and systems of the body
Type 1 Diabetes
an autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system destroys
insulin-producing cells. may affect the skin causing the client to feel less
sensation due to the damage done to blood vessels and nerves, or may be
more prone to quicker spreading infection, leading to amputation
What form of skin cancer is the most serious?
Melanoma
What precancerous lesions are caused by the sun?
Basal Cell Carcinoma
How can a cancerous lesion be identified?
using the ABCDE method
A- asymmetric
B- border
C- color
What is absent in a hypo-pigmentation disorder?
pigment is lacking
Dyschromia
Abnormal pigmentation
What causes post inflammatory hyper-pigmentation?
occurs from injury or trauma to the skin with inflammation. often a result of
an acne condition or surgery.
Folliculitis
bacterial infection of a hair follicle
MRSA and how to prevent it
an extremely dangerous bacterium that is often found in healthcare
settings and in particular surgical settings, spread by touching membranes
like the nose. Diligent hand washing before and after using the restroom is
recommended.
Importance if knowing and recognizing disorders and diseases of the
skin.
The combinations of a variety of factors influence the skin and create the
current state of the skin.
Glogau Classification System
is based on a client's aging analysis and photodamage as indicators for the
skin's condition.
Extrinsic Aging
controllable factors that contribute to the aging of skin, ex- sun exposure,
environmental factors, etc.
Fitzpatrick Skin Type Classification
based on basal skin color and the skin's response to ultraviolet radiation
exposure.
How to identify acne
,NCEA Test.Final Exam 2026\2027.
visible comedones (blackheads, whiteheads, papules, pustules, nodules,
cysts)
3 types of telangiectasia
1. erythema
2. permanently dilated superficial vessels
3. sensitivity to extreme hot/cold temps, products and chemicals
Combination Skin Characteristics
combination of dry and oily areas
Sensitive Skin Characteristics
sensitive to touch
prone to erythema and irritation
Oily Skin Characteristics
Excessive sebum production
shiny and thick appearance
Dry Skin Characteristics
lack of sebum production
tendency to display fine lines and wrinkles
delicate and thin appearance
Normal Skin Characteristics
soft and smooth
even color and tone
balanced moisture content and sebum production
Skin Type Vs Skin Condition
Skin type - what you have from birth, the characteristics that are
programmed in your DNA from biological parents.
Skin Condition - the state of your skin right now as it is being influenced by
external factors like the environment and internal factors like health and
nutrition.
What is the function of the subcutaneous layer?
to serve as a source of reserve energy and as an insulating mechanism
What is found in the dermis?
, NCEA Test.Final Exam 2026\2027.
connective tissue, sebaceous and sweat glands, blood and lymph vessels,
nerve fibers, hair follicles.
Melanin production is influenced by
genetics, hormones, and environment
5 layers of the epidermis
stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum,
stratum germinativium
Integymentary System
The skin; largest system in the body
Histology
the study of living tissues and the cells that work together to perform a
function
Physiology
the study of the functions of the organs and systems
Anatomy
The study of the organs and systems of the body
Type 1 Diabetes
an autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system destroys
insulin-producing cells. may affect the skin causing the client to feel less
sensation due to the damage done to blood vessels and nerves, or may be
more prone to quicker spreading infection, leading to amputation
What form of skin cancer is the most serious?
Melanoma
What precancerous lesions are caused by the sun?
Basal Cell Carcinoma
How can a cancerous lesion be identified?
using the ABCDE method
A- asymmetric
B- border
C- color
