NR 566 Final Exam- Chamberlain Questions with Verified
Answers (Correct Update)
Question 1: Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) and Doxylamine (Unisom)
Answer: Two most common H1 antagonist sleep aids
Question 2: What are H1 antagonists used to treat in allergic disorders?
Answer: Mild allergic reactions, such as allergic rhinitis and urticaria.
Question 3: What are the anticholinergic adverse effects of H1 antagonists?
Answer: Dry mouth and urinary retention
Question 4: What depressive effects can H1 antagonists cause?
Answer: Sedation and impaired ability, more common in FGA due to crossing the BBB
Question 5: What behavioral adverse effects are associated with H1 antagonists?
Answer: Confusion and apathy
Question 6: What stimulatory effects can H1 antagonists have?
Answer: Muscle spasm and appetite stimulation
Question 7: What gastrointestinal adverse effects can occur with H1 antagonists?
Answer: Discomfort
Question 8: What can happen at high doses of H1 antagonists?
Answer: CNS seizures and hallucinations
Question 9: In which populations are H1 antagonists contraindicated?
Answer: Newborns, children under the age of 2, and women who are breastfeeding.
Question 10: What conditions contraindicate the use of H1 antagonists?
Answer: Narrow-angle glaucoma, prostatic hypertrophy, and acute exacerbation of asthma.
Question 11: What is the effect of H1 antagonists on allergic rhinitis?
Answer: Reduces sneezing, nasal discharge, and irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat.
Page 1
,Question 12: What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of H1 antagonists?
Answer: H1 antagonists work by blocking H1 histamine receptors.
Question 13: What effect do H1 antagonists have on histamine in the body?
Answer: They help to reduce the effects of histamine in the body.
Question 14: How does blocking histamine action affect wakefulness?
Answer: Blocking histamine action can lead to sedation and help induce sleep.
Question 15: What is a common side effect of H1 antagonists when used as a sleep aid?
Answer: Daytime Drowsiness: Users may experience lingering sedation the next day.
Question 16: What are some anticholinergic effects of H1 antagonists?
Answer: Dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, and urinary retention.
Question 17: What CNS effects can H1 antagonists cause, particularly in older adults?
Answer: Dizziness, confusion, and incoordination.
Question 18: What is the effect of H1 antagonists on urticaria?
Answer: Diminishes redness, itching, and swelling.
Question 19: Which first-generation H1 antagonists are effective for motion sickness?
Answer: Promethazine and dimenhydrinate.
Question 20: How do certain H1 antagonists help with motion sickness?
Answer: They inhibit muscarinic receptors.
Question 21: Why are first-generation H1 antagonists included in sleep aids?
Answer: For short-term management of sleep disturbances.
Question 22: What are the anticholinergic effects that older adults are more susceptible to?
Answer: Dizziness, confusion, and sedation.
Question 23: Why should first-generation antihistamines be used cautiously in older adults?
Answer: They can increase sedation and anticholinergic effects, raising the risk of falls and accidents.
Page 2
,Question 24: What criteria advises against the use of first-generation antihistamines in older
adults?
Answer: Beers Criteria.
Question 25: What is a concern regarding polypharmacy in older adults?
Answer: Increased risk of drug interactions and cumulative side effects.
Question 26: What effect can first-generation antihistamines have on children?
Answer: They can cause paradoxical excitation, leading to increased agitation or insomnia.
Question 27: What is advised for the use of antihistamines in infants?
Answer: Over-the-counter cold remedies should generally be avoided in children under four years old.
Question 28: What is the Pregnancy Risk Category for antihistamines?
Answer: Category C, meaning they should only be used if benefits outweigh risks.
Question 29: Which type of antihistamines are often preferred during pregnancy?
Answer: Second-generation antihistamines due to a better safety profile.
Question 30: What should be considered regarding antihistamines and breastfeeding?
Answer: Caution is advised as they can pass into breast milk; consultation with a healthcare provider is
recommended.
Question 31: How can age-related changes affect the use of antihistamines?
Answer: They can alter pharmacokinetics, affecting metabolism and excretion.
Question 32: What should be considered regarding family support in medication management?
Answer: The ability of the family to manage medication regimens, especially in older adults and
children.
Question 33: What is a key difference in sedation between 1st and 2nd generation H1
antagonists?
Answer: First-generation causes significant sedation; second-generation is less sedating.
Question 34: How do the mechanisms of 1st and 2nd generation H1 antagonists differ?
Answer: First-generation affects both H1 and muscarinic receptors; second-generation primarily targets
H1 receptors.
Page 3
, Question 35: What are the primary use cases for 1st generation H1 antagonists?
Answer: Used for a broader range of conditions, including insomnia and motion sickness.
Question 36: What are the primary use cases for 2nd generation H1 antagonists?
Answer: Mainly used for allergic conditions.
Question 37: What side effects are more pronounced in 1st generation H1 antagonists?
Answer: More pronounced side effects, particularly anticholinergic effects.
Question 38: What are examples of second generation H1 antagonists?
Answer: Fexofenadine (Allegra), Cetirizine (Zyrtec), Loratadine (Claritin)
Question 39: How sedating are second generation H1 antagonists?
Answer: Less sedating as they do not cross the blood-brain barrier effectively.
Question 40: What is the mechanism of action of second generation H1 antagonists?
Answer: Selectively block H1 receptors without significant interaction with muscarinic receptors.
Question 41: What are the primary indications for second generation H1 antagonists?
Answer: Primarily used for allergic rhinitis and urticaria.
Question 42: What are the side effects of second generation H1 antagonists?
Answer: Generally well-tolerated with minimal sedation; some may still experience mild drowsiness.
Question 43: What are the contraindications for second generation H1 antagonists?
Answer: Fewer contraindications compared to first-generation antihistamines, but caution is advised in
clients with severe liver disease.
Question 44: What effect do certain fruit juices have on fexofenadine absorption?
Answer: Certain fruit juices can reduce fexofenadine absorption, possibly reducing therapeutic effects.
Question 45: Which fruit juices are known to interact with fexofenadine?
Answer: Apple juice, orange juice, and grapefruit juice.
Question 46: What is the mechanism by which fruit juices affect fexofenadine absorption?
Answer: Inhibition of organic anion transporting polypeptides.
Page 4
Answers (Correct Update)
Question 1: Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) and Doxylamine (Unisom)
Answer: Two most common H1 antagonist sleep aids
Question 2: What are H1 antagonists used to treat in allergic disorders?
Answer: Mild allergic reactions, such as allergic rhinitis and urticaria.
Question 3: What are the anticholinergic adverse effects of H1 antagonists?
Answer: Dry mouth and urinary retention
Question 4: What depressive effects can H1 antagonists cause?
Answer: Sedation and impaired ability, more common in FGA due to crossing the BBB
Question 5: What behavioral adverse effects are associated with H1 antagonists?
Answer: Confusion and apathy
Question 6: What stimulatory effects can H1 antagonists have?
Answer: Muscle spasm and appetite stimulation
Question 7: What gastrointestinal adverse effects can occur with H1 antagonists?
Answer: Discomfort
Question 8: What can happen at high doses of H1 antagonists?
Answer: CNS seizures and hallucinations
Question 9: In which populations are H1 antagonists contraindicated?
Answer: Newborns, children under the age of 2, and women who are breastfeeding.
Question 10: What conditions contraindicate the use of H1 antagonists?
Answer: Narrow-angle glaucoma, prostatic hypertrophy, and acute exacerbation of asthma.
Question 11: What is the effect of H1 antagonists on allergic rhinitis?
Answer: Reduces sneezing, nasal discharge, and irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat.
Page 1
,Question 12: What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of H1 antagonists?
Answer: H1 antagonists work by blocking H1 histamine receptors.
Question 13: What effect do H1 antagonists have on histamine in the body?
Answer: They help to reduce the effects of histamine in the body.
Question 14: How does blocking histamine action affect wakefulness?
Answer: Blocking histamine action can lead to sedation and help induce sleep.
Question 15: What is a common side effect of H1 antagonists when used as a sleep aid?
Answer: Daytime Drowsiness: Users may experience lingering sedation the next day.
Question 16: What are some anticholinergic effects of H1 antagonists?
Answer: Dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, and urinary retention.
Question 17: What CNS effects can H1 antagonists cause, particularly in older adults?
Answer: Dizziness, confusion, and incoordination.
Question 18: What is the effect of H1 antagonists on urticaria?
Answer: Diminishes redness, itching, and swelling.
Question 19: Which first-generation H1 antagonists are effective for motion sickness?
Answer: Promethazine and dimenhydrinate.
Question 20: How do certain H1 antagonists help with motion sickness?
Answer: They inhibit muscarinic receptors.
Question 21: Why are first-generation H1 antagonists included in sleep aids?
Answer: For short-term management of sleep disturbances.
Question 22: What are the anticholinergic effects that older adults are more susceptible to?
Answer: Dizziness, confusion, and sedation.
Question 23: Why should first-generation antihistamines be used cautiously in older adults?
Answer: They can increase sedation and anticholinergic effects, raising the risk of falls and accidents.
Page 2
,Question 24: What criteria advises against the use of first-generation antihistamines in older
adults?
Answer: Beers Criteria.
Question 25: What is a concern regarding polypharmacy in older adults?
Answer: Increased risk of drug interactions and cumulative side effects.
Question 26: What effect can first-generation antihistamines have on children?
Answer: They can cause paradoxical excitation, leading to increased agitation or insomnia.
Question 27: What is advised for the use of antihistamines in infants?
Answer: Over-the-counter cold remedies should generally be avoided in children under four years old.
Question 28: What is the Pregnancy Risk Category for antihistamines?
Answer: Category C, meaning they should only be used if benefits outweigh risks.
Question 29: Which type of antihistamines are often preferred during pregnancy?
Answer: Second-generation antihistamines due to a better safety profile.
Question 30: What should be considered regarding antihistamines and breastfeeding?
Answer: Caution is advised as they can pass into breast milk; consultation with a healthcare provider is
recommended.
Question 31: How can age-related changes affect the use of antihistamines?
Answer: They can alter pharmacokinetics, affecting metabolism and excretion.
Question 32: What should be considered regarding family support in medication management?
Answer: The ability of the family to manage medication regimens, especially in older adults and
children.
Question 33: What is a key difference in sedation between 1st and 2nd generation H1
antagonists?
Answer: First-generation causes significant sedation; second-generation is less sedating.
Question 34: How do the mechanisms of 1st and 2nd generation H1 antagonists differ?
Answer: First-generation affects both H1 and muscarinic receptors; second-generation primarily targets
H1 receptors.
Page 3
, Question 35: What are the primary use cases for 1st generation H1 antagonists?
Answer: Used for a broader range of conditions, including insomnia and motion sickness.
Question 36: What are the primary use cases for 2nd generation H1 antagonists?
Answer: Mainly used for allergic conditions.
Question 37: What side effects are more pronounced in 1st generation H1 antagonists?
Answer: More pronounced side effects, particularly anticholinergic effects.
Question 38: What are examples of second generation H1 antagonists?
Answer: Fexofenadine (Allegra), Cetirizine (Zyrtec), Loratadine (Claritin)
Question 39: How sedating are second generation H1 antagonists?
Answer: Less sedating as they do not cross the blood-brain barrier effectively.
Question 40: What is the mechanism of action of second generation H1 antagonists?
Answer: Selectively block H1 receptors without significant interaction with muscarinic receptors.
Question 41: What are the primary indications for second generation H1 antagonists?
Answer: Primarily used for allergic rhinitis and urticaria.
Question 42: What are the side effects of second generation H1 antagonists?
Answer: Generally well-tolerated with minimal sedation; some may still experience mild drowsiness.
Question 43: What are the contraindications for second generation H1 antagonists?
Answer: Fewer contraindications compared to first-generation antihistamines, but caution is advised in
clients with severe liver disease.
Question 44: What effect do certain fruit juices have on fexofenadine absorption?
Answer: Certain fruit juices can reduce fexofenadine absorption, possibly reducing therapeutic effects.
Question 45: Which fruit juices are known to interact with fexofenadine?
Answer: Apple juice, orange juice, and grapefruit juice.
Question 46: What is the mechanism by which fruit juices affect fexofenadine absorption?
Answer: Inhibition of organic anion transporting polypeptides.
Page 4
