Chamberlain NR 566 Exam Questions with Verified Answers
(Correct Update)
Question 1: What specific drug is used to treat aspergillosis?
Answer: Caspofungin
Question 2: Which anthelmintic drugs carry the risk for hypotension with patients on
antihypertensives?
Answer: ivermectin and moxidectin
Question 3: Which anthelmintic drugs can cause bone marrow suppression and liver
impairment?
Answer: Mebendazole and Abendazole
Question 4: Which anthelmintic drug is generally safe to give without obtaining baseline data?
Answer: Pyrantel
Question 5: Which anthelmintic drug is safe for use in pregnancy?
Answer: Praziquantel and Moxidectin
Question 6: HIV Medication: What are the risks associated with Dicreatitis, danosine (NRTI)?
Answer: lactic acidosis, severe hepatomegaly with steatosis, severe panhepatotoxicity, non-cirrhotic
portal hypertension, immune reconstitution syndrome, Redistribution of adipose tissue, peripheral
neuropathy, retinal disorders, and/or optic neuritis, headache, nausea, vomiting, and rash.
Question 7: HIV Medication: What are the risks associated with Saquinavir (aka Invirase) a
Protease Inhibitor?
Answer: Dangerous drug interactions (danger with ritonavir), hepatotoxicity, pancreatitis, severe
hypersensitivity reactions, PR interval prolongation, hyperlipidemia, diabetes (exacerbation and new
onset), immune reconstitution, syndrome, redistribution of adipose tissue, renewed bleeding in patients
with hemophilia, exacerbation of comorbid hepatic disease, hyperlipidemia, nausea, vomiting,
abdominal pain, diarrhea, and fatigue
Question 8: P-R Interval impacts the use Protease of which HIV drugs?
Answer: Inhibitors can decrease the speed of cardiac conduction. The most common ettect is a
prolongation of the PR interval. May lead to blocking of the bundle branches B-Blockers can worsen
this ettect
Page 1
,Question 9: How do you measure success with antiretroviral therapy for HIV?
Answer: A decrease in plasma HIV RNA. With ART, plasma HIV RNA should decline to 10% of
baseline within 2 to 8 weeks. After 16 to 20 weeks of treatment, plasma HIV RNA should reach its
minimum. Ideally, the minimum will be undetectable with sensitive assays.
Question 10: What does an increase in CD4 T cells indicate?
Answer: CD4 T-Cell Counts: As viral load decreases, CD4 T-cell counts may rise, indicating some
restoration of immune function.
Question 11: When do we use foscarnet in HIV+ patients?
Answer: Foscarnet has two approved indications: (1) CMV (cytomegalovirus) retinitis in patients with
AIDS (CMV retinitis resistant to ganciclovir may respond to foscarnet) (2) acyclovir-resistant
mucocutaneous HSV and VZV infection in the immunocompromised host.
Question 12: What patient education is needed when you prescribe Metronidazole?
Answer: No ETOH, A disulfiram-like reaction can occur Black box warning: increased carcinogenic
risk; avoid any unnecessary use Some providers advise avoiding breastfeeding for 12 to 24 hours
Question 13: What are the adverse effects of abacavir?
Answer: Lactic acidosis and hepatomegaly with steatosis. Hypersensitivity reactions develop during the
first 6 weeks of treatment and can cause multi-organ failure and anaphylaxis. Symptoms can include
fever, rash, myalgia, arthralgia, and GI disturbances. Initial hypersensitivities can manifest as respiratory
symptoms. People who test genetically positive for HLA-B*5701 should not take Abacavir Association
between myocardial infarction and 10% of patients experience fatigue and headaches.
Question 14: What are the long-term monitoring needs of antifungal use?
Answer: Liver function Test (AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase, and bilirubin)
Question 15: Which antifungals should I prescribe to immunocompromised patients?
Answer: ORAL CANDIDIASIS: fluconazole or ketoconazole INVASIVE FUNGAL INFECTIONS:
(candidiasis and Aspergillosis) Posaconazole Cannot give amphotericin B to immunocompromised
patients.
Question 16: Systemic mycoses are fungal infections affecting internal organs. How do you treat
fungal systemic infections?
Answer: Treating systemic mycoses can be diflcult. These infections often resist treatment, requiring
prolonged therapy and increasing the chances of toxicity. Aspergillosis: voriconazole Candidiasis:
amphotericin B or fluconazole plus or minus flucytosine Histoplasmosis: amphotericin B or itraconazole
Page 2
, Question 17: What does the patient need Combining to know about combining Ketoconazole and
Omeprazole?
Answer: these medications may interfere with the absorption of ketoconazole and reduce its
ettectiveness. Decrease the absorption of ketoconazole
Question 18: Enterobius vermicularis: What is it and who would you expect to have it?
Answer: Pinworm infestation (Nematode) in the ileum and large intestine Perianal itching is a symptom
(otherwise asymptomatic) The mode of transmission, once on hands, will spread to everything person
touches Pinworms. All members of the household should be treated at the same time. Handwashing is
important. Perianal itching is the cause of transmission. Medications: albendazole, mebendazole, and
pyrantel pamoate The Most common nematode infection in the USA Primarily in children (spreads
through schools and daycares),
Question 19: Important information associated with Voriconazole.
Answer: Treats serious fungal or yeast infections It slows the growth of infections and can interact with
many drugs. It should not be combined with drugs that are powerful P450 inducers, including
phenobarbital, because they can reduce the levels of voriconazole
Question 20: Community-Acquired Pneumonia: Pathogens for the General Population.
Answer: · Streptococcus Pneumoniae (gram-positive) · Atypical Bacteria (Mycoplasma Pneumoniae) ·
Viruses (i.e. influenza, respiratory syncytial virus)
Question 21: Community-Acquired Pneumonia: Smokers and the COPD Population
Answer: · Haemophilus Influenzae (Gram Negative)
Question 22: Community-Acquired Pneumonia: The Cystic Fibrosis Population
Answer: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Question 23: Community-Acquired Pneumonia: What is the first treatment for previously
healthy adults?
Answer: Amoxicillin, Macrolides, and doxycycline
Question 24: Community-Acquired Pneumonia: What do you do if first-line treatment does not
work?
Answer: Give respiratory Fluoroquinolones: Only give if the 1st line treatment was inettective in the last
90 days due to risk of drug resistance
Question 25: Community-Acquired Pneumonia: How do you treat it if pregnant?
Answer: Penicillin (Amox 1000mg Q 8 hours), Cephalosporins, Erythromycins
Page 3
(Correct Update)
Question 1: What specific drug is used to treat aspergillosis?
Answer: Caspofungin
Question 2: Which anthelmintic drugs carry the risk for hypotension with patients on
antihypertensives?
Answer: ivermectin and moxidectin
Question 3: Which anthelmintic drugs can cause bone marrow suppression and liver
impairment?
Answer: Mebendazole and Abendazole
Question 4: Which anthelmintic drug is generally safe to give without obtaining baseline data?
Answer: Pyrantel
Question 5: Which anthelmintic drug is safe for use in pregnancy?
Answer: Praziquantel and Moxidectin
Question 6: HIV Medication: What are the risks associated with Dicreatitis, danosine (NRTI)?
Answer: lactic acidosis, severe hepatomegaly with steatosis, severe panhepatotoxicity, non-cirrhotic
portal hypertension, immune reconstitution syndrome, Redistribution of adipose tissue, peripheral
neuropathy, retinal disorders, and/or optic neuritis, headache, nausea, vomiting, and rash.
Question 7: HIV Medication: What are the risks associated with Saquinavir (aka Invirase) a
Protease Inhibitor?
Answer: Dangerous drug interactions (danger with ritonavir), hepatotoxicity, pancreatitis, severe
hypersensitivity reactions, PR interval prolongation, hyperlipidemia, diabetes (exacerbation and new
onset), immune reconstitution, syndrome, redistribution of adipose tissue, renewed bleeding in patients
with hemophilia, exacerbation of comorbid hepatic disease, hyperlipidemia, nausea, vomiting,
abdominal pain, diarrhea, and fatigue
Question 8: P-R Interval impacts the use Protease of which HIV drugs?
Answer: Inhibitors can decrease the speed of cardiac conduction. The most common ettect is a
prolongation of the PR interval. May lead to blocking of the bundle branches B-Blockers can worsen
this ettect
Page 1
,Question 9: How do you measure success with antiretroviral therapy for HIV?
Answer: A decrease in plasma HIV RNA. With ART, plasma HIV RNA should decline to 10% of
baseline within 2 to 8 weeks. After 16 to 20 weeks of treatment, plasma HIV RNA should reach its
minimum. Ideally, the minimum will be undetectable with sensitive assays.
Question 10: What does an increase in CD4 T cells indicate?
Answer: CD4 T-Cell Counts: As viral load decreases, CD4 T-cell counts may rise, indicating some
restoration of immune function.
Question 11: When do we use foscarnet in HIV+ patients?
Answer: Foscarnet has two approved indications: (1) CMV (cytomegalovirus) retinitis in patients with
AIDS (CMV retinitis resistant to ganciclovir may respond to foscarnet) (2) acyclovir-resistant
mucocutaneous HSV and VZV infection in the immunocompromised host.
Question 12: What patient education is needed when you prescribe Metronidazole?
Answer: No ETOH, A disulfiram-like reaction can occur Black box warning: increased carcinogenic
risk; avoid any unnecessary use Some providers advise avoiding breastfeeding for 12 to 24 hours
Question 13: What are the adverse effects of abacavir?
Answer: Lactic acidosis and hepatomegaly with steatosis. Hypersensitivity reactions develop during the
first 6 weeks of treatment and can cause multi-organ failure and anaphylaxis. Symptoms can include
fever, rash, myalgia, arthralgia, and GI disturbances. Initial hypersensitivities can manifest as respiratory
symptoms. People who test genetically positive for HLA-B*5701 should not take Abacavir Association
between myocardial infarction and 10% of patients experience fatigue and headaches.
Question 14: What are the long-term monitoring needs of antifungal use?
Answer: Liver function Test (AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase, and bilirubin)
Question 15: Which antifungals should I prescribe to immunocompromised patients?
Answer: ORAL CANDIDIASIS: fluconazole or ketoconazole INVASIVE FUNGAL INFECTIONS:
(candidiasis and Aspergillosis) Posaconazole Cannot give amphotericin B to immunocompromised
patients.
Question 16: Systemic mycoses are fungal infections affecting internal organs. How do you treat
fungal systemic infections?
Answer: Treating systemic mycoses can be diflcult. These infections often resist treatment, requiring
prolonged therapy and increasing the chances of toxicity. Aspergillosis: voriconazole Candidiasis:
amphotericin B or fluconazole plus or minus flucytosine Histoplasmosis: amphotericin B or itraconazole
Page 2
, Question 17: What does the patient need Combining to know about combining Ketoconazole and
Omeprazole?
Answer: these medications may interfere with the absorption of ketoconazole and reduce its
ettectiveness. Decrease the absorption of ketoconazole
Question 18: Enterobius vermicularis: What is it and who would you expect to have it?
Answer: Pinworm infestation (Nematode) in the ileum and large intestine Perianal itching is a symptom
(otherwise asymptomatic) The mode of transmission, once on hands, will spread to everything person
touches Pinworms. All members of the household should be treated at the same time. Handwashing is
important. Perianal itching is the cause of transmission. Medications: albendazole, mebendazole, and
pyrantel pamoate The Most common nematode infection in the USA Primarily in children (spreads
through schools and daycares),
Question 19: Important information associated with Voriconazole.
Answer: Treats serious fungal or yeast infections It slows the growth of infections and can interact with
many drugs. It should not be combined with drugs that are powerful P450 inducers, including
phenobarbital, because they can reduce the levels of voriconazole
Question 20: Community-Acquired Pneumonia: Pathogens for the General Population.
Answer: · Streptococcus Pneumoniae (gram-positive) · Atypical Bacteria (Mycoplasma Pneumoniae) ·
Viruses (i.e. influenza, respiratory syncytial virus)
Question 21: Community-Acquired Pneumonia: Smokers and the COPD Population
Answer: · Haemophilus Influenzae (Gram Negative)
Question 22: Community-Acquired Pneumonia: The Cystic Fibrosis Population
Answer: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Question 23: Community-Acquired Pneumonia: What is the first treatment for previously
healthy adults?
Answer: Amoxicillin, Macrolides, and doxycycline
Question 24: Community-Acquired Pneumonia: What do you do if first-line treatment does not
work?
Answer: Give respiratory Fluoroquinolones: Only give if the 1st line treatment was inettective in the last
90 days due to risk of drug resistance
Question 25: Community-Acquired Pneumonia: How do you treat it if pregnant?
Answer: Penicillin (Amox 1000mg Q 8 hours), Cephalosporins, Erythromycins
Page 3
